Human gut microbiome is a diversified, resilient, immuno‐stabilized, metabolically active and physiologically essential component of the human body. Scientific explorations have been made to seek in‐depth information about human gut microbiome establishment, microbiome functioning, microbiome succession, factors influencing microbial community dynamics and the role of gut microbiome in health and diseases. Extensive investigations have proposed the microbiome therapeutics as a futuristic medicine for various physiological and metabolic disorders. A comprehensive outlook of microbial colonization, host–microbe interactions, microbial adaptation, commensal selection and immuno‐survivability is still required to catalogue the essential genetic and physiological features for the commensal engagement. Evolution of a structured human gut microbiome relies on the microbial flexibility towards genetic, immunological and physiological adaptation in the human gut. Key features for commensalism could be utilized in developing tailor‐made microbiome‐based therapy to overcome various physiological and metabolic disorders. This review describes the key genetics and physiological traits required for host–microbe interaction and successful commensalism to institute a human gut microbiome.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组中微生物参与规则的概述：迈向微生物组治疗学的一步

人体肠道微生物组是人体的多样化，弹性，免疫稳定，代谢活跃和生理必不可少的组成部分。已经进行了科学探索，以寻求有关人类肠道微生物组的建立，微生物组功能，微生物组演替，影响微生物群落动态的因素以及肠道微生物组在健康和疾病中的作用的深入信息。广泛的研究提出了微生物组疗法作为各种生理和代谢疾病的未来医学。仍需要对微生物定植，宿主-微生物相互作用，微生物适应性，共生选择和免疫存活能力有一个全面的了解，才能对共生参与的基本遗传和生理特征进行分类。结构化人类肠道微生物组的进化依赖于微生物对人类肠道遗传，免疫和生理适应的灵活性。共鸣的关键特征可用于开发基于微生物组的量身定制的疗法，以克服各种生理和代谢疾病。这篇综述描述了宿主-微生物相互作用和建立人类肠道微生物组的成功共鸣所需的关键遗传学和生理学特征。