Evaluating the ecosystem services (ES) of rivers is a challenging process. We chose to evaluate photo simulations of a river restoration effort using two different approaches. The first approach was an expert evaluation based on the assessment of individual river restoration elements. The second was an evaluation of public perception, which was implemented by collecting 150 respondent replies through an internet questionnaire. Participants in both methods worked with the photo of the original site and three adjusted photos (i.e., with added river restoration elements or recreational amenities). The original photo was taken in Příbor, Czechia, displayed a heavily channelized gravel‐bed river in an urban area. For this reason, the design of the river restoration effort was spatially limited. In the expert evaluation, we obtained an ascending trend; the highest score was achieved by photo simulation which had the highest number of added restoration elements. In the public perception trial, the respondents evaluated the photo simulations based on four ES categories: (a) ecological and hydromorphological function, (b) aesthetics and landscape function, (c) flood protection and (d) recreational function. It was found that the respondents differed original state from the final restoration state in the category (a), (b) and (c). The final state achieved a better score in these categories. The main findings from both approaches were that even a small restoration effort could significantly improve the perception of ES as well as their services itself provided by the restored river. This conclusion could encourage the planning and construction of river restoration projects in even densely inhabited urban areas.

中文翻译：

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河流修复的照片模拟：公众认知与生态系统服务之间的关系

评估河流的生态系统服务是一个具有挑战性的过程。我们选择使用两种不同的方法来评估河流修复工作的照片模拟。第一种方法是在评估单个河流恢复要素的基础上进行专家评估。第二个是对公众认知度的评估，该评估是通过互联网调查表收集了150份受访者的答复而实施的。两种方法的参与者都使用了原始地点的照片和三张经过调整的照片（即增加了河流修复元素或娱乐设施）。原始照片是在捷克共和国的普里博尔（Příbor）拍摄的，显示了市区严重渠化的砾石床河。因此，河流修复工作的设计在空间上受到了限制。在专家评估中，我们获得了上升的趋势；通过照片模拟获得的最高分数具有最多的添加修复元素。在公众知觉试验中，受访者根据四个ES类评估了照片模拟：（a）生态和水形功能，（b）美学和景观功能，（c）防洪和（d）娱乐功能。发现在（a），（b）和（c）类别中，受访者的原始状态与最终恢复状态不同。最终状态在这些类别中得分更高。两种方法的主要发现是，即使进行少量的修复工作，也可以显着改善对ES及其修复河本身提供的服务的认识。