Microclimate limits thermal behaviour favourable to disease control in a nocturnal amphibian,Ecology Letters

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Microclimate limits thermal behaviour favourable to disease control in a nocturnal amphibian
Ecology Letters ( IF 7.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1111/ele.13616
Wouter Beukema ₁ , Frank Pasmans ₁ , Sarah Van Praet ₁ , Francisco Ferri‐Yáñez ₂ , Moira Kelly ₁ , Alexandra E. Laking ₁ , Jesse Erens ₁ , Jeroen Speybroeck ₃ , Kris Verheyen ₄ , Luc Lens ₅ , An Martel ₁

Affiliation

While epizootics increasingly affect wildlife, it remains poorly understood how the environment shapes most host–pathogen systems. Here, we employ a three‐step framework to study microclimate influence on ectotherm host thermal behaviour, focusing on amphibian chytridiomycosis in fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) infected with the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal). Laboratory trials reveal that innate variation in thermal preference, rather than behavioural fever, can inhibit infection and facilitate salamander recovery under humidity‐saturated conditions. Yet, a 3‐year field study and a mesocosm experiment close to the invasive Bsal range show that microclimate constraints suppress host thermal behaviour favourable to disease control. A final mechanistic model, that estimates range‐wide, year‐round host body temperature relative to microclimate, suggests that these constraints are rule rather than exception. Our results demonstrate how innate host defences against epizootics may remain constrained in the wild, which predisposes to range‐wide disease outbreaks and population declines.

中文翻译：

小气候限制了夜间两栖动物的热行为，有利于疾病控制

尽管动物流行病日益影响野生生物，但人们仍然对环境如何影响大多数寄主-病原体系统的认识仍然很少。在这里，我们采用一个三步框架来研究微气候对等温寄主宿主热行为的影响，重点研究感染了真菌病原体Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans（Bsal）的火sal（Salamandra salamandra）中的两栖乳糜菌病。实验室试验表明，热偏好而不是行为发烧的先天变化可以抑制感染，并在湿度饱和的条件下促进sal的恢复。然而，在侵袭性Bsal附近进行了为期3年的现场研究和中观实验范围表明，微气候约束抑制了有利于疾病控制的宿主热行为。最终的机械模型估计相对于小气候的全年范围的宿主体温，表明这些约束是规则而不是例外。我们的结果表明，在野外，固有的宿主对流行病的防御可能会受到限制，这容易导致范围广泛的疾病暴发和种群减少。

更新日期：2020-12-12

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