In this study, we evaluated the causes of mortality in immature stages of Ascia monuste orseis Godart 1918 (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) over each of four seasons, for 2 years, on an experimental cabbage plot using life tables. We addressed two key questions: (1) Do the mortality rates caused by a factor vary by season? And (2) how does the local weather contribute to such variation? We identified five causes of mortality (failure, pathogens, parasitism, predation and rainfall) that together tended to be higher during wet–warm conditions with values up to 94%. However, each cause and its mortality rate varied among seasons. Failure was observed in all stages and tended to increase during cold conditions with a negative relationship with air temperature and relative humidity and positive for precipitation. Larval and pupal predation increased during warm conditions and was positively associated with both air temperature and relative humidity. Conversely, in seasons with intense precipitation, pupal predation was reduced and had a negative relationship. Rainfall caused mortality of eggs and larvae, mostly during intense events, and egg mortality also showed a positive and significant association with precipitation. Larval parasitism was low, and pathogens were noted in larvae and pupae, but we did not find variation by season for these factors. Our results indicate that mortality caused by failure, predation and rainfall on immature stages of A. monuste orseis can vary among seasons and appear to be related to local weather. These findings improve our comprehension of how local weather affects the immature stages of a neotropical pest and the associated mortality factors.

中文翻译：

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季节和天气会影响自然因素引起的月相亚西亚（Lepidoptera：Pieridae）未成熟阶段的死亡率

在这项研究中，我们评估了Ascia monuste orseis未成熟阶段的死亡原因。Godart 1918（鳞翅目：Piridaee）在四个季节中的每个季节（使用生命表）在两年的实验白菜地上种植了2年。我们解决了两个关键问题：（1）由因素引起的死亡率随季节变化吗？（2）当地天气如何导致这种变化？我们确定了五种致死原因（失败，病原体，寄生虫，掠食和降雨），在湿热条件下加在一起的死亡率高达94％。但是，每个原因及其死亡率随季节而变化。在所有阶段均观察到故障，并且在寒冷条件下故障率呈上升趋势，与空气温度和相对湿度呈负相关，而与降水呈正相关。幼虫和p的捕食在温暖的条件下增加，并且与气温和相对湿度呈正相关。相反，在降水量强烈的季节，p的捕食减少并且呈负相关。降雨导致卵和幼虫的死亡，主要是在强烈事件期间，卵的死亡率也显示出与降水的正相关关系。幼虫寄生率低，在幼虫和p中发现病原体，但我们没有发现这些因素随季节的变化。我们的研究结果表明，由于不成熟阶段的衰竭，捕食和降雨造成的死亡率 但是我们没有发现这些因素的季节差异。我们的研究结果表明，由于不成熟阶段的衰竭，捕食和降雨造成的死亡率 但是我们没有发现这些因素的季节差异。我们的研究结果表明，由于不成熟阶段的衰竭，捕食和降雨造成的死亡率A. monuste orseis随季节而变化，并且似乎与当地天气有关。这些发现提高了我们对当地天气如何影响新热带有害生物未成熟阶段以及相关死亡因素的理解。