Anodes for lithium metal batteries, sodium metal batteries, and potassium metal batteries are susceptible to failure due to dendrite growth. This review details the structure–chemistry–performance relations in membranes that stabilize the anodes’ solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), allowing for stable electrochemical plating/stripping. Case studies involving Li, Na, and K are presented to illustrate key concepts. “Classical” versus “modern” understandings of the SEI are described, with an emphasis on the new structural insights obtained through novel analytical techniques, including in situ liquid‐secondary ion mass spectroscopy, titration gas chromatography, and tip‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy. This Review highlights diverse approaches for increasing SEI stability, either by inserting a secondary layer between the native SEI and the separator, or by combining the membrane with a native SEI to form a hybrid composite. Exciting and nonintuitive findings are discussed, such as that the metal anode roughness profoundly affects the SEI structure and stability, or that organic artificial SEI‐layers may be more effective than the native inorganic–organic SEIs. Emerging multifunctional architectures are presented, which serve a dual role as metal hosts and metal surface protection layers. Throughout the Review, fruitful future research directions and the critical areas where there is incomplete understanding are discussed.

中文翻译：

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锂，钠和钾金属电池阳极的SEI分析和人工SEI膜新兴概念综述

锂金属电池，钠金属电池和钾金属电池的阳极由于枝晶生长而容易发生故障。这篇综述详细介绍了稳定阳极固体电解质中间相（SEI）的膜在结构，化学和性能方面的关系，从而实现了稳定的电化学镀覆/剥离。提出了涉及Li，Na和K的案例研究，以说明关键概念。本文介绍了对SEI的“经典”与“现代”理解，重点介绍了通过新颖的分析技术获得的新结构见解，这些技术包括原位液体二次离子质谱，滴定气相色谱和尖端增强拉曼光谱。这篇评论重点介绍了提高SEI稳定性的各种方法，方法是在本机SEI和分隔符之间插入辅助层，或通过将膜与天然SEI结合以形成杂化复合材料。讨论了令人兴奋且非直觉的发现，例如金属阳极的粗糙度对SEI的结构和稳定性产生了深远影响，或者有机人工SEI层可能比天然无机-有机SEI更有效。提出了新兴的多功能体系结构，其充当金属主体和金属表面保护层的双重角色。在整个回顾中，讨论了卓有成效的未来研究方向以及尚不完全了解的关键领域。或者说有机人工SEI层可能比天然无机有机SEI更有效。提出了新兴的多功能体系结构，其充当金属主体和金属表面保护层的双重角色。在整个回顾中，讨论了卓有成效的未来研究方向以及尚不完全了解的关键领域。或者说有机人工SEI层可能比天然无机有机SEI更有效。提出了新兴的多功能体系结构，其充当金属主体和金属表面保护层的双重角色。在整个回顾中，讨论了卓有成效的未来研究方向以及尚不完全了解的关键领域。