Opioid misuse has emerged in recent years as a major public health concern in the United States, particularly for adolescents and emerging young adults. We examined the association of opioid misuse from ages 18 to 20 with four domains at age 21–22: risk behaviors and consequences; health; social functioning; and emerging adult roles. Participants were surveyed annually from 2008 through 2019. The sample includes N = 2880 youth from waves 8–11. The sample was approximately 18 years old at wave 8; 54% female, 46% Hispanic, 20% white, 20% Asian, 2% Black, and 11% multiracial. Opioid misuse was low in this general sample of young adults, with about 4% reporting misuse from age 18–20. We used latent growth curve modeling to examine how misuse from ages 18–20 was associated with functioning at age 21–22. Adolescents who reported opioid misuse at age 18 also reported more negative consequences from alcohol and cannabis use and greater odds of other prescription drug misuse at age 21–22 than those with no misuse. Those reporting opioid misuse at age 18 were also more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviors, report delinquent behavior, and have a higher likelihood of experiencing sexual victimization and engaging in sexual perpetration at age 21–22 than those with no misuse. Neither the intercept nor slope of opioid misuse was associated with depression, anxiety, physical health or ailments, satisfaction with friends, romantic relationship functioning, or emerging adult roles at wave 11. Findings highlight the importance of screening and brief intervention for adolescents reporting opioid misuse.

近年来，阿片类药物滥用已成为美国的主要公共卫生问题，尤其是对青少年和新兴年轻人而言。我们检查了 18 至 20 岁的阿片类药物滥用与 21 至 22 岁的四个领域的关联：危险行为和后果；健康; 社会功能；和新兴的成人角色。从 2008 年到 2019 年，每年对参与者进行一次调查。样本包括来自第 8-11 波的 N = 2880 名青年。样本在第 8 波时大约 18 岁；54% 女性、46% 西班牙裔、20% 白人、20% 亚裔、2% 黑人和 11% 多种族。在这个年轻成人的一般样本中，阿片类药物滥用率很低，大约 4% 的人报告在 18-20 岁之间滥用。我们使用潜在增长曲线模型来检查 18-20 岁的滥用如何与 21-22 岁的功能相关联。在 18 岁时报告滥用阿片类药物的青少年也报告说，与没有滥用的青少年相比，他们在 21-22 岁时因使用酒精和大麻而产生的负面影响更大，并且滥用其他处方药的几率更大。与没有滥用阿片类药物的人相比，那些在 18 岁时报告滥用阿片类药物的人也更有可能从事性风险行为、报告犯罪行为，并且在 21-22 岁时经历性受害和从事性犯罪的可能性更高。阿片类药物滥用的截距和斜率均与抑郁、焦虑、身体健康或疾病、对朋友的满意度、浪漫关系功能或第 11 波新兴成人角色无关。研究结果强调了对报告阿片类药物滥用的青少年进行筛查和简短干预的重要性.