Abstract Functionally graded aluminum was produced and displayed two well-defined metallurgically bonded layers (A and B). Layer A exhibited a ductile Al-matrix (70 HV0.01) reinforced by 53.4 vol% of hard quasicrystal approximant α-Al12(Fe,Mn,Cr)3Si phase (909 HV0.01) distributed homogeneously. Layer B presented the typical structure of a hypoeutectic Al–Si alloy. The tribological behavior of both layers was evaluated in sphere-on-plate configuration at different temperatures: room-temperature, 100, 200, and 300 °C. At room temperature, layer A ensured low coefficient of friction values around 0.2. These values were comparable to those of fully quasicrystalline coatings under dry-sliding testing conditions. The specific wear rate at room temperature of the layer A was about one order of magnitude lower than that of the layer B (1.2 x 10-4 versus 2.7 × 10-3 mm3/Nm, respectively), and three orders of magnitude lower at 300 °C (2.3 × 10-5 versus 2.8 × 10-2 mm3/Nm, respectively). Improved wear resistance and low friction of layer A were achieved through the formation of a protective and compacted Al-rich oxide layer, where the quasicrystal approximant phase played a critical role. The present results and the discussed wear mechanisms provide significant insights into the development of novel alloys for service in critical components.

中文翻译：

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用准晶近似相增强的功能梯度铝——提高高温下的耐磨性

摘要 功能梯度铝被生产出来并显示出两个明确的冶金结合层（A 和 B）。层 A 表现出由 53.4 vol% 的硬准晶近似 α-Al12(Fe,Mn,Cr)3Si 相 (909 HV0.01) 增强的延展性铝基体 (70 HV0.01) 均匀分布。B层呈现亚共晶Al-Si合金的典型结构。两层的摩擦学行为在不同温度下的球体板配置中进行评估：室温、100、200 和 300 °C。在室温下，A 层确保低摩擦系数值约为 0.2。在干滑动测试条件下，这些值与完全准结晶涂层的值相当。A 层在室温下的比磨损率比 B 层低大约一个数量级（1.2 x 10-4 对 2. 7 × 10-3 mm3/Nm），在 300 °C 时低三个数量级（分别为 2.3 × 10-5 和 2.8 × 10-2 mm3/Nm）。通过形成保护性和致密的富铝氧化物层，A 层提高了耐磨性和低摩擦性，其中准晶相近相发挥了关键作用。目前的结果和讨论的磨损机制为开发用于关键部件的新型合金提供了重要的见解。