Abstract Tunnels are separated from the ground by structural linings, and are enclosed and unfamiliar for occupants. In tunnel fires, occupants are faced with a dangerous environment and they need to evacuate. Conveying and obtaining information about the evacuation is the key issue for evacuees. Since tunnels typically have low lighting and little connection outside the tunnel, technical installations are the only approach to deliver information to occupants in order to guide their fast and safe evacuation. This is particularly an issue for urban road tunnels with large occupants’ flow in a large underground space. The present study explores the effect and role of technical installations (alarms, information signs, and lighting) on people’s evacuation performance in urban tunnel fires, through field experiments, questionnaires and interviews. Theory of affordance (sensory affordance, cognitive affordance and functional affordance) is taken into consideration and provides an integral evaluation for technical installations. Technical installations are useful in helping occupants notice the emergency, finding exits and guiding path, and information signs are regarded as the most powerful among those three. Besides, this experiment points out some side effect from alarms and ambiguity of signs which will result in serious consequence potentially. This study leads to guidance on improvement of technical installations on evacuation planning and procedures on urban road tunnels.

中文翻译：

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技术装置对城市道路隧道火灾疏散性能的影响

摘要 隧道通过结构衬砌与地面隔开，对居住者来说是封闭的和陌生的。在隧道火灾中，居住者面临着危险的环境，他们需要撤离。传达和获取有关疏散的信息是疏散人员的关键问题。由于隧道通常光线不足，隧道外的连接很少，因此技术安装是向居住者提供信息以指导他们快速安全疏散的唯一方法。这对于在大型地下空间中具有大量人员流动的城市道路隧道尤其成问题。本研究通过现场实验、问卷调查和访谈，探讨了技术装置（警报、信息标志和照明）对城市隧道火灾中人们疏散性能的影响和作用。可供性理论（感官可供性、认知可供性和功能性可供性）被考虑在内，并为技术装置提供整体评估。技术装置在帮助住户注意紧急情况、寻找出口和引导路径方面很有用，而信息标志被认为是三者中最强大的。此外，该实验还指出了警报和标志模糊的一些副作用，可能会导致严重的后果。本研究为改进城市道路隧道疏散规划和程序的技术装置提供指导。技术装置在帮助住户注意紧急情况、寻找出口和引导路径方面很有用，而信息标志被认为是三者中最强大的。此外，该实验还指出了警报和标志模糊的一些副作用，可能会导致严重的后果。本研究为改进城市道路隧道疏散规划和程序的技术装置提供指导。技术装置在帮助住户注意紧急情况、寻找出口和引导路径方面很有用，而信息标志被认为是三者中最强大的。此外，该实验还指出了警报和标志模糊的一些副作用，可能会导致严重的后果。本研究为改进城市道路隧道疏散规划和程序的技术装置提供指导。