Current obesity treatment strategies include diet, exercise, bariatric surgery, and a limited but growing repertoire of medications. Individual weight loss in response to each of these strategies is highly variable. Here we review research into factors potentially contributing to inter-individual variability in response to treatments for obesity, with a focus on studies in humans. Well-recognized factors associated with weight loss capacity include diet adherence, physical activity, sex, age, and specific medications. However, following control for each of these, differences in weight loss appear to persist in response to behavioral, pharmacological and surgical interventions. Adaptation to energy deficit involves complex feedback mechanisms, and inter-individual differences likely to arise from a host of poorly defined genetic factors, as well as differential responses in neurohormonal mechanisms (including gastrointestinal peptides), metabolic efficiency and capacity of tissues, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, thermogenic response to food, and in gut microbiome. A better understanding of the factors involved in inter-individual variability in response to therapies will guide more personalized approaches to the treatment of obesity.

当前的肥胖治疗策略包括饮食，运动，减肥手术以及数量有限但仍在增长的药物。响应这些策略中的每一个，个体的体重减轻是高度可变的。在这里，我们回顾了对肥胖治疗的潜在潜在个体差异的因素的研究，重点是人类研究。与减肥能力相关的公认因素包括饮食依从性，体育锻炼，性别，年龄和特定药物。但是，在控制了每种方法之后，体重减轻的差异似乎会根据行为，药理和手术干预而持续存在。对能量缺乏的适应涉及复杂的反馈机制，并且可能由于许多定义不当的遗传因素而导致个体间差异，以及神经激素机制（包括胃肠道肽），组织的代谢效率和能力，非运动活动的生热作用，对食物的热原反应以及肠道微生物组的差异反应。更好地了解个体对治疗反应的差异性因素，将指导更多个性化的肥胖治疗方法。