Li-metal anode with ultrahigh capacity (3,860 mAh/g) and lowest redox potential (−3.04 V versus standard hydrogen electrode) holds the key in advancing the next-generation high-energy-density batteries. The intrinsic defects of hyper-reactivity, dendritic growth, large volume change, and poor wettability on substrate, however, impede its practical applications. Recently, Li-metal-based composite (LMC), made by compositing metallic Li with various functional materials, has been proposed as an alternative to Li-metal anode, exhibiting unique physicochemical properties and excellent performances. To this end, we summarize recent advances in the synthesis, structure, properties, and electrochemical performance of LMC in terms of different functional materials. A special focus has been placed on the wetting behavior of Li metal with different carbons and the fascinating compositing reactions for LMC. We conclude with a discussion on the prospects and essential research directions for exploiting LMC from the fundamental research and practical application point of view. It is expected that this review will encourage Li-metal batteries to step forward to real applications.

具有超高容量（3,860 mAh / g）和最低氧化还原电势（相对于标准氢电极为-3.04 V）的锂金属阳极，是推进下一代高能量密度电池的关键。但是，高反应性，树枝状生长，大体积变化和在基材上的润湿性差等固有缺陷阻碍了其实际应用。近来，已经提出了通过将金属锂与各种功能材料复合而制成的锂金属基复合材料（LMC），作为锂金属阳极的替代物，其表现出独特的理化性质和优异的性能。为此，我们根据不同功能材料总结了LMC的合成，结构，性能和电化学性能方面的最新进展。特别关注的是不同碳的锂金属的润湿行为以及LMC的引人入胜的复合反应。最后，从基础研究和实际应用的角度讨论了开发LMC的前景和基本研究方向。预计这次审查将鼓励锂金属电池迈向实际应用。