Background

This national cross-sectional survey aimed to assess the iodine status in pregnant women and their offspring, and also to demonstrate regional differences by measuring urinary iodine concentration (UIC). For each woman and her newborn a questionnaire was prepared with basic facts as age, parity number or birth weight and additional information regarding thyroid diseases, use of iodized salt in the household, extra iodine supplementation during pregnancy, education level and wage income.

Methods

The target population represented 1444 pregnant women who gave birth between January 1 st, 2018 and 2019, and their offspring. Iodine deficiency for pregnant women and their offspring were defined as urine iodine level <150 μg/L and <100 μg/L, respectively. Results are given as median (25th–75th percentile).

Results

The median UIC in the group of pregnant woman was 94 (52–153) μg/L. Within the sample of 1444 pregnant women, UIC indicative of mild iodine deficiency (100−149 μg/L) was present in 21 % (n = 306), moderate deficiency (50−99 μg/L) in 30 % (n = 430), and severe deficiency (<50 μg/L) in 23 % (n = 337). This study showed a prevalence of 74 % of iodine deficiency in Turkish pregnant woman. The median UIC in the group of offspring was 96 (41−191) μg/L. Within the new-borns, UIC indicative of mild iodine deficiency (50−99 μg/L) was present in 22 % (n = 323), moderate deficiency (20−49 μg/L) in 15 % (n = 222), and severe deficiency (<20 μg/L) in 13 % (n = 192). This survey showed a prevalence of 51 % of iodine deficiency in Turkish new-borns. Pregnant women with lower socioeconomic and education level, lower access to household iodized salt, lower rates of exposure to povidone-iodine containing skin disinfectant, higher parity and higher iodine deficiency had higher rates of iodine deficiency in their offspring. Regional differences were observed both in mothers and their offspring concerning their iodine status.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that iodine deficiency is still an important public health problem in Turkey. More drastic measures should be taken to decrease these important iodine deficiencies, both in pregnant women and in their offspring.

中文翻译：

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土耳其孕妇及其后代的碘状况：一项全国横断面调查

背景

这项全国横断面调查旨在评估孕妇及其后代的碘状况，并通过测量尿碘浓度 (UIC) 来证明地区差异。为每位妇女及其新生儿准备了一份调查问卷，内容包括年龄、胎次或出生体重等基本事实，以及有关甲状腺疾病、家庭使用碘盐、怀孕期间额外补充碘、教育水平和工资收入的其他信息。

方法

目标人群为2018年1月1日至2019年1月1日期间分娩的1444名孕妇及其后代。孕妇及其后代的碘缺乏被定义为尿碘水平分别<150 μg/L和<100 μg/L。结果以中位数（第 25-75 个百分位数）给出。

结果

孕妇组的中位 UIC 为 94（52-153）μg/L。在 1444 名孕妇的样本中，21% (n = 306) 存在指示轻度碘缺乏 (100-149 μg/L) 的 UIC，30% (n = 430) 存在中度缺乏 (50-99 μg/L) )，以及 23% (n = 337) 的严重缺乏 (<50 μg/L)。该研究表明，土耳其孕妇碘缺乏的患病率高达 74%。后代组的中位 UIC 为 96 (41-191) μg/L。在新生儿中，22 % (n = 323) 存在指示轻度碘缺乏 (50−99 μg/L) 的 UIC，15% (n = 222) 存在中度缺碘 (20−49 μg/L)， 13 % (n = 192) 的严重缺乏 (<20 μg/L)。该调查显示，土耳其新生儿缺碘的比例为 51%。社会经济和教育水平较低、获得家庭碘盐的机会较少的孕妇，接触含聚维酮碘的皮肤消毒剂的比率越低，胎次越高和碘缺乏症越严重，其后代的碘缺乏症发生率越高。在母亲及其后代的碘状况方面均观察到区域差异。

结论

我们的研究结果表明，碘缺乏仍然是土耳其一个重要的公共卫生问题。应采取更严厉的措施来减少孕妇及其后代的这些重要的碘缺乏症。