Drought stress is one of the major abiotic factors affecting the growth and development of crops. The primary effect of drought is the alteration of water and nutrient uptake and transport by roots, related essentially with aquaporins and ion transporters of the plasma membrane. Therefore, the efficiency of water and nutrient transport across cell layers is a main factor in tolerance mechanisms. The regulation of this transport under water stress - in relation to the differing degrees of tolerance of crops and the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae, together with signaling mechanisms - is reviewed here. Three different phases in the response to stress (immediate, short-term and long-term), involving different signals and levels of gene regulation, are highlighted.

干旱胁迫是影响作物生长发育的主要非生物因素之一。干旱的主要影响是改变根对水和养分的吸收和运输，这主要与质膜的水通道蛋白和离子转运蛋白有关。因此，跨细胞层的水和养分转运效率是耐受机制的主要因素。本文综述了水分胁迫下这种转运的调节——与作物的不同耐受程度和丛枝菌根的影响以及信号传导机制有关。强调了应激反应的三个不同阶段（即刻、短期和长期），涉及不同的信号和基因调控水平。