Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is a major oilseed crop providing edible oil and protein. Oil quality is determined by fatty acid composition including the ratio of oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). A genome-wide association study with 13,382 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was conducted to investigate the genetics basis of oil, protein, eight fatty acid concentrations, and O/L ratio (ratio of oleic and linoleic acid) using a diverse panel of 120 genotypes mainly selected from the U.S. peanut mini core collection grown in two years. A total of 178 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with those seed composition traits were identified with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) from 18.35% to 27.56%. RNA-Seq analysis identified 282 DEGs (differentially expressed genes) within the 1Mb of the significant QTLs for seed composition traits. Among those 282 genes, sixteen candidate genes for seed fatty acid metabolism and protein synthesis were screened according to the gene functions.

栽培花生（花生））是一种主要的油料作物，提供食用油和蛋白质。油质取决于脂肪酸组成，包括油酸（C18：1）和亚油酸（C18：2）的比例。进行了全基因组关联研究，共使用13382个单核苷酸多态性（SNP），以120个不同的小组调查油，蛋白质，八个脂肪酸浓度和O / L比（油酸和亚油酸之比）的遗传基础。基因型主要选自两年内种植的美国花生小核心种质。共鉴定了178个与这些种子组成性状相关的重要数量性状基因座（QTL），其表型变异解释（PVE）从18.35％到27.56％。RNA-Seq分析确定了种子组成性状的重要QTL的1Mb内有282个DEG（差异表达的基因）。