A shortage of water leads to severe consequences for populations. Recent examples like the ongoing water shortage in Kapstadt or in Gloucestershire in 2007 highlight both the challenges authorities face to restore the water supply and the importance of installing efficient preparedness measures and plans. This study develops a proactive planning approach of emergency measures for possible impairments of water supply systems and validates this with a case study on water contamination in the city of Berlin. We formulate a capacitated maximal covering problem as a mixed-integer optimization model where we combine existing emergency infrastructure with the deployment of mobile water treatment systems. The model selects locations for mobile water treatment systems to maximize the public water supply within defined constraints. With the extension to a multi-objective decision making model, possible trade-offs between the water supply coverage and costs, and between the coverage of differently prioritized demand points are investigated. Therefore, decision makers benefit from a significantly increased transparency regarding potential outcomes of their decisions, leading to improved decisions before and during a crisis.

中文翻译：

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水应急井与移动处理系统的结合：以柏林市为例

缺水会给人们带来严重后果。最近的例子，如 2007 年 Kapstadt 或格洛斯特郡的持续缺水，突出了当局在恢复供水方面面临的挑战以及制定有效的备灾措施和计划的重要性。本研究开发了一种针对供水系统可能受损的应急措施的主动规划方法，并通过柏林市水污染案例研究验证了这一点。我们将有能力的最大覆盖问题制定为混合整数优化模型，我们将现有的应急基础设施与移动水处理系统的部署相结合。该模型选择移动水处理系统的位置，以在定义的约束范围内最大限度地提高公共供水。随着多目标决策模型的扩展，研究了供水覆盖范围和成本之间以及不同优先级需求点的覆盖范围之间可能的权衡。因此，决策者受益于其决策潜在结果的显着提高的透明度，从而在危机之前和期间改进决策。