Self-critical rumination is a process whereby individuals focus attention on past failures and inadequacies without consideration for improvement or problem-solving. Past research has demonstrated that self-critical rumination is a separate process from the experience of having intrusive self-critical thoughts and that engaging in self-critical rumination is strongly correlated with beliefs that it is uncontrollable or represents a weakness of character. What is less clear at this time, however, is the impact that self-critical rumination has on levels of distress when faced with failure. Thirty volunteers who were not experiencing significant levels of depression were randomly assigned across three groups: one rumination and two controls. Acute distress was measured prior to and immediately following a task, as well as upon debrief. Individuals expected to complete an impossible task, who experienced simulated self-critical rumination experienced greater levels of acute distress than controls immediately following the task. There was also a significant correlation between reported levels of trait self-critical rumination, negative metacognitive beliefs and self-esteem with levels of distress following debrief when controlling for initial levels of distress and group membership. The use of subjective self-reports and small sample size limits the findings of this exploratory study. Engaging in self-critical rumination, and associated negative metacognitive beliefs, may have a significant impact on levels of acute distress following a recent failure.

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状态和特质自我批评反刍对急性窘迫的影响：一项探索性实验研究

自我批评反思是个人将注意力集中在过去的失败和不足上而不考虑改进或解决问题的过程。过去的研究表明，自我批评沉思是一个独立于具有侵入性自我批评思想的经历的过程，并且参与自我批评沉思与无法控制或代表性格弱点的信念密切相关。然而，目前不太清楚的是，自我批评的反思对面对失败时的痛苦程度有何影响。三十名没有经历显着抑郁水平的志愿者被随机分配到三组：一组反刍和两组对照。在任务之前和之后立即测量急性痛苦，以及在汇报时。期望完成一项不可能完成的任务的个体，经历了模拟的自我批判性反刍，比紧接任务后的对照组经历了更大程度的急性痛苦。在控制最初的痛苦水平和群体成员身份时，报告的特质自我批评反思、消极元认知信念和自尊水平与汇报后的痛苦水平之间也存在显着相关性。主观自我报告和小样本量的使用限制了这项探索性研究的结果。进行自我批评的反思，以及相关的负面元认知信念，可能会对近期失败后的急性痛苦程度产生重大影响。经历了模拟自我批评反刍的人在任务后立即比对照组经历了更大程度的急性痛苦。在控制最初的痛苦水平和群体成员身份时，报告的特质自我批评反思、消极元认知信念和自尊水平与汇报后的痛苦水平之间也存在显着相关性。主观自我报告和小样本量的使用限制了这项探索性研究的结果。进行自我批评的反思，以及相关的负面元认知信念，可能会对近期失败后的急性痛苦程度产生重大影响。经历了模拟自我批评反刍的人在任务后立即比对照组经历了更大程度的急性痛苦。在控制最初的痛苦水平和群体成员身份时，报告的特质自我批评反思、消极元认知信念和自尊水平与汇报后的痛苦水平之间也存在显着相关性。主观自我报告和小样本量的使用限制了这项探索性研究的结果。进行自我批评的反思，以及相关的负面元认知信念，可能会对近期失败后的急性痛苦程度产生重大影响。在控制最初的痛苦水平和群体成员身份时，负面元认知信念和自尊与汇报后的痛苦水平。主观自我报告和小样本量的使用限制了这项探索性研究的结果。进行自我批评的反思，以及相关的负面元认知信念，可能会对近期失败后的急性痛苦程度产生重大影响。在控制最初的痛苦水平和群体成员身份时，负面元认知信念和自尊与汇报后的痛苦水平。主观自我报告和小样本量的使用限制了这项探索性研究的结果。进行自我批评的反思，以及相关的负面元认知信念，可能会对近期失败后的急性痛苦程度产生重大影响。