Implantation of a nerve guidance conduit (NGC) carrying neuroprotective factors is promising for repairing peripheral nerve injury. Here, we developed a novel strategy for repairing peripheral nerve injury by gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)–encapsulated chitosan in laminin-coated nanofiber of Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) conduit and transplantation of rat adipose–derived stem cells (r-ADSCs) suspended in alginate. Then, the beneficial effect of AuNPs, BDNF, and r-ADSCs on nerve regeneration was evaluated in rat sciatic nerve transection model. In vivo experiments showed that the combination of AuNPs- and BDNF-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles in laminin-coated nanofiber of PLGA conduit with r-ADSCs could synergistically facilitate nerve regeneration. Furthermore, the in vivo histology, immunohistochemistry, and behavioral results demonstrated that the AuNPs- and BDNF-encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles in NGC could significantly reinforce the repair performance of r-ADSCs, which may also contribute to the therapeutic outcome of the AuNPs, BDNF, and r-ADSCs strategies. In this study, we found that the combination of AuNPs and BDNF releases in NGC with r-ADSCs may represent a new potential strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.

植入携带神经保护因子的神经引导导管 (NGC) 有望修复周围神经损伤。在这里，我们开发了一种通过金纳米粒子 (AuNPs) 和脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 包裹的壳聚糖在聚（l-丙交酯-共-乙交酯）（PLGA）导管的层粘连蛋白涂层纳米纤维中修复周围神经损伤的新策略和移植悬浮在藻酸盐中的大鼠脂肪干细胞 (r-ADSCs)。然后，在大鼠坐骨神经横断模型中评估了 AuNPs、BDNF 和 r-ADSCs 对神经再生的有益作用。体内实验表明，AuNPs 和 BDNF 包裹的壳聚糖纳米粒子在 PLGA 导管的层粘连蛋白涂层纳米纤维中与 r-ADSCs 的组合可以协同促进神经再生。此外，体内组织学，免疫组织化学和行为结果表明，NGC 中包裹 AuNPs 和 BDNF 的壳聚糖纳米颗粒可以显着增强 r-ADSCs 的修复性能，这也可能有助于 AuNPs、BDNF 和 r-ADSCs 策略的治疗效果。在这项研究中，我们发现 NGC 中 AuNPs 和 BDNF 释放与 r-ADSCs 的组合可能代表了周围神经再生的新潜在策略。