Abstract—Fracture mechanism and dynamics is studied with a time resolution of 2 ns in the quartz, granite, gabbro-diabase, and calcite samples in a shock wave field. It is found out that jets of positively charged ions are ejected from the shock-loaded surface of minerals. The structure of the surface layer of these rocks after loading by shock waves is studied by the infrared, Raman, and photoluminescent spectroscopy. It is established that in the surface layers of quartz and granites, diaplectic glasses are formed, whereas in the surface layers of calcite—the high pressure phase—calcite III is produced.

中文翻译：

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冲击波作用下岩石的断裂机理

摘要——以 2 ns 的时间分辨率在冲击波场中研究了石英、花岗岩、辉长岩和方解石样品的断裂机制和动力学。研究发现，带正电的离子射流从受冲击的矿物表面喷出。通过红外光谱、拉曼光谱和光致发光光谱研究了这些岩石在冲击波加载后的表层结构。已经确定，在石英和花岗岩的表层中，形成了辩证玻璃，而在方解石的表层——高压相——方解石 III 中产生。