Rapid industrialization results in the production of large quantities of waste that are commonly discharged into water bodies, leading to the damage of the aquatic ecosystem and freshwater organisms. Copper (Cu) can induce oxidative damage in fish muscle, the main fish portion that is consumed by humans. However, the responses of the Amazon fish Cichlasoma amazonarum and its capacity to withstand acute Cu concentrations found in Amazon water around mines remain unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether exposure to Cu causes muscle oxidative stress and/or oxidative damage and impairs the fillet fatty acid profile of C. amazonarum acutely exposed to Cu found in Amazon waters around mines. Muscle reactive oxygen species and protein carbonylation levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with the control group, while muscle lipid peroxidation levels were significantly higher in fish exposed to 500, 750, and 1500 μg/L Cu compared with control group. Muscle antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radical’s levels and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with the control group, while muscle superoxide dismutase activity was significantly lower in fish exposed to 750 and 1500 μg/L Cu compared with control group. The total content of saturated fatty acids was significantly higher in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with the control group, while the total content of monounsaturated fatty acids and sum of n3 fatty acids were significantly lower in fish exposed to 1500 μg/L Cu compared with control group. No significant difference was observed regarding muscle catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione reductase activities. Based on these lines of evidence, the results of this comprehensive study agree with the initial hypothesis that the exposure to Cu found in Amazon water around mines induces oxidative damage and inhibits enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant response in the muscle of C. amazonarum exposed to high Cu levels. Moreover, the impairment of the fillet fatty acid profile appears to be mediated by oxidative damage, representing a negative impact on fish health.

快速工业化导致大量废物的产生，这些废物通常排入水体，导致对水生生态系统和淡水生物的破坏。铜（Cu）可以诱导鱼肉氧化，鱼肉是人类消耗的主要鱼肉部分。然而，亚马逊鱼长鳍慈鲷的反应及其在矿场周围亚马逊水中发现的急性铜浓度的能力仍然未知。因此，本研究的目的是评估暴露于铜是否会引起肌肉氧化应激和/或氧化损伤并损害马氏梭菌的鱼片脂肪酸谱。强烈暴露于矿山周围亚马逊水域中发现的铜。暴露于1500μg/ L Cu的鱼的肌肉活性氧种类和蛋白质羰基化水平显着高于对照组，而暴露于500、750和1500μg/ L Cu的鱼的肌肉脂质过氧化水平显着高于对照组。控制组。与对照组相比，暴露于1500μg/ L Cu的鱼的肌肉对过氧化自由基水平的抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显着降低，而暴露于750和1500μg/ L Cu的鱼的肌肉超氧化物歧化酶活性显着低于控制组。与对照组相比，暴露于1500μg/ L Cu的鱼中饱和脂肪酸的总含量显着更高，与对照组相比，暴露于1500μg/ L Cu的鱼中单不饱和脂肪酸的总含量和n3脂肪酸的总含量显着降低。在肌肉过氧化氢酶，谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和谷胱甘肽还原酶活性方面未观察到显着差异。根据这些证据，这项综合研究的结果与最初的假设相符，即在矿山周围的亚马逊水中发现的铜暴露会引起氧化损伤，并抑制肌肉中酶促和非酶促的抗氧化反应。C. amazonarum暴露于高Cu水平。此外，鱼片脂肪酸特性的损害似乎是由氧化损伤所介导的，对鱼类健康造成了负面影响。