Most European ungulate species are increasing in numbers and expanding their range. For the management and monitoring of these species, 64% of European countries rely on indirect proxies of abundance (e.g., hunting bag statistics). With increasing ungulate numbers, data on ungulate-vehicle collisions (UVC) may provide an important and inexpensive, complementary data source. Currently, it is unclear how bag statistics compare with UVC. A direct comparison of these two indices is important because both are used in ungulate management. We evaluated the relationship between UVC and ungulate hunting bags across bioclimatic, regional, and local scales, using five time lags (t₋₃ to t₊₁) for the five most common wild ungulate species in Sweden. For all species, hunting bags and UVC correlated positively, but correlation strength and time lags varied across scales and among species. The two indices correlated most strongly at the local management scale. Correlation between both indices was strong for the smaller deer species and wild boar, in particular, but much weaker for moose where we found the best fit using a 2-year time lag. For the other species, indices from the same year correlated best. We argue that the reason for moose data behaving differently is that, in Sweden, moose are formally managed using a 3-year time plan, while the other species are not. Accordingly, moose hunting bags are influenced more strongly by density-independent processes than bags of the other species. Consequently, the mismatch between the two indices may generate conflicting conclusions for management depending on the method applied.

大多数欧洲有蹄类动物的数量在增加，范围也在扩大。对于这些物种的管理和监测，有64％的欧洲国家依赖于间接的丰富度指标（例如，狩猎袋统计数据）。随着有蹄类动物数量的增加，有蹄类动物车辆碰撞（UVC）上的数据可能会提供重要且廉价的互补数据源。目前，尚不清楚袋统计数据与UVC相比如何。这两个指数的直接比较很重要，因为它们都用于有蹄类动物管理。我们使用五个时滞（t _-3至t _+1）评估了生物气候，区域和地方尺度上的UVC和有蹄类猎物袋之间的关系），这是瑞典的五个最常见的野生有蹄类动物。对于所有物种，猎物袋和UVC呈正相关，但相关强度和时滞在不同尺度和物种之间变化。在地方管理规模上，这两个指数之间的相关性最强。尤其是较小的鹿种和野猪，这两个指数之间的相关性很强，但是对于驼鹿而言，这两个指数的相关性要弱得多，因为我们发现使用两年的时间间隔最合适。对于其他物种，同一年的指数相关性最好。我们认为，驼鹿数据表现不同的原因是，在瑞典，驼鹿是使用3年时间计划进行正式管理的，而其他物种则没有。因此，与密度无关的过程比其他物种的袋子对驼鹿狩猎袋的影响更大。所以，