Background

Though many empirical studies have shown the positive relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and resilience, the bidirectional relationship need to be further explored. Moreover, little research uses holistic approaches to study the relationship among a series of contextual variables, EI and perceptions of resilience in adolescents.

Objective

The present study investigated the bidirectional relationship between EI and perceptions of resilience in adolescents and explored the effect of contextual variables on their development.

Method

In a three-wave, longitudinal study, 988 students of sixth graders (mean age of 11.38 years) completed the Emotional Intelligence Scale (WLEIS), Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Shanghai High School Student Development-Questionnaire to investigate EI, perceptions of resilience and contextual factors, respectively. A structural equation modeling (SEM) examining the relationship among EI, perceptions of resilience and contextual factors was conducted.

Results

SEM indicated EI and perceptions of resilience at T1 (first semester in sixth grade) predicted EI and perceptions of resilience at T2 (second semester in sixth grade), respectively. EI at T2 can predict perception of resilience at T3 (second semester of seventh grade), but perceptions of resilience at T2 cannot predict EI at T3. As a protective factor, social support positively predicts EI and perceptions of resilience, while family conflicts, school bullying as risk factors negatively predict EI and perceptions of resilience.

Conclusions

The findings clarified the bidirectional relationship between EI and perceptions of resilience and highlighted the importance of contextual factors. Particularly, good quality of environment such as sufficient social support, combating school bullying and mitigating family conflicts is required to improve adolescents’ EI and resilience to help them cope with the challenges.

中文翻译：

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青年的情商与弹性感知之间的双向关系：一项为期二十个月的纵向研究

背景

尽管许多经验研究表明情绪智力（EI）与适应力之间存在正相关关系，但是双向关系仍需要进一步探索。此外，很少有研究使用整体方法来研究一系列情境变量，EI和青少年的弹性感知之间的关系。

目的

本研究调查了EI与青少年的弹性感知之间的双向关系，并探讨了情境变量对其发展的影响。

方法

在一项三波纵向研究中，988名六年级学生（平均年龄11.38岁）完成了情绪智力量表（WLEIS），复原力量表（CD-RISC）和上海高中学生发展问卷调查，以调查EI，对弹性和背景因素的看法。进行了结构方程模型（SEM），以检查EI，复原力感知和上下文因素之间的关系。

结果

SEM显示EI和T1（六年级的第一学期）的弹性感知预测EI和T2（六年级的第二学期）的弹性感知。T2的EI可以预测T3（七年级下半年）的弹性感知，但是T2的弹性感知不能预测T3的EI。作为一种保护因素，社会支持可以正面地预测EI和对复原力的看法，而家庭冲突，学校欺凌是危险因素，则可以负面地预测EI和复原力的看法。

结论

研究结果阐明了EI与弹性感知之间的双向关系，并强调了环境因素的重要性。特别是，需要有良好的环境质量，例如足够的社会支持，与学校欺凌和减轻家庭冲突有关，以提高青少年的EI和韧性，以帮助他们应对挑战。