The article deals with the wear of forging tools used in hot forging processes. The research presented in the work includes analysis of tool life used in a selected industrial hot die forging process. Multiple treatment variants were used to increase wear resistance, including thermo-chemical treatment (nitriding), welding methods (surfacing) and an innovative new hybrid technology combining surfacing and nitriding. First of all, the research focused on determining the impact of the phase structure of the nitrided layers used and the surfacing layer on resistance to destructive factors occurring in the analyzed process. Next, hybrid treated tools combining surfacing and nitriding were also subjected to operational tests. Each of the tools analyzed in this work was operated until it was withdrawn due to excessive wear, and then subjected to comprehensive analysis. The tests of tools after operation included: surface scanning to determine the amount of wear of the analyzed tools after work, microhardness measurement, and microscopic tests. A detailed analysis of changes in the surface layer of tools in selected areas was made using a scanning microscope. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the hybrid surface treatment process used to increase the wear resistance of the surface layer of tools and thereby improve the durability of the forged tools analyzed. The obtained research results indicate a beneficial effect of using the new technology resulting in 300% increase in the durability of the analyzed tools. The effect of improving durability confirmed by obtained results arises from the use of hybrid layers, which are more resistant to abrasive wear and to cracking due to thermo-mechanical fatigue. Moreover, the study shows that nitriding may have a beneficial influence on improving the lifetime of forging tools, under the condition that the nitrided layer has an α diffusive layer structure, without a larger amount of γ’ and ε nitride precipitates.

本文讨论了热锻过程中使用的锻造工具的磨损。工作中提出的研究包括对所选工业热模锻工艺中使用的刀具寿命的分析。使用了多种处理方式来提高耐磨性，包括热化学处理（氮化），焊接方法（表面处理）以及将表面处理和渗氮相结合的创新型新混合技术。首先，研究集中在确定所用氮化层和表面层的相结构对所分析过程中发生的破坏性因素的抵抗力的影响。接下来，结合表面处理和渗氮处理的混合处理工具也进行了操作测试。在进行这项工作中分析的每个工具之前，都应对其进行操作，直到由于过度磨损而将其撤回为止，然后进行综合分析。手术后工具的测试包括：表面扫描以确定工作后被分析工具的磨损量，显微硬度测量和显微测试。使用扫描显微镜对选定区域中工具表面层的变化进行了详细分析。该研究的目的是评估混合表面处理工艺的有效性，该工艺可用于提高工具表面层的耐磨性，从而提高所分析的锻造工具的耐用性。获得的研究结果表明，使用新技术的有益效果使所分析工具的耐用性提高了300％。所得结果证实的提高耐久性的效果来自使用混合层，它们更耐磨损，并因热机械疲劳而破裂。此外，研究表明，在渗氮层具有α扩散层结构且没有大量γ'和ε氮化物沉淀的条件下，渗氮可能对改善锻造工具的寿命具有有益的影响。