The relationship between laboratory and on-field performance of football helmets was assessed for 31 football helmet models selected from those worn by players in the 2015–2019 National Football League (NFL) seasons. Linear impactor tests were conducted with helmets placed on an instrumented Hybrid III head and neck assembly mounted on a sliding table. Based on impacts to each helmet at six impact locations and three velocities, a helmet performance score (HPS) was calculated using a linear combination of the head injury criterion (HIC) and the diffuse axonal multi-axis general evaluation (DAMAGE). To determine the on-field performance of helmets, helmet model usage, player participation, and incident concussion data were collected from the five NFL seasons and used to calculate helmet model-specific concussion rates. Comparison of laboratory HPS to the helmet model-specific concussion rates on a per play basis showed a positive correlation (r² = 0.61, p < 0.001) between laboratory and on-field performance of helmet models, indicating that helmets which exhibited reduced impact severity in the laboratory tests were also generally associated with lower concussion rates on-field. Further analysis showed that NFL-prohibited helmet models exhibited a significantly higher odds of concussion (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.04–1.47; p = 0.017) relative to other helmet models.

对从 2015-2019 年美国国家橄榄球联盟 (NFL) 赛季球员佩戴的 31 款橄榄球头盔模型中选择的 31 款橄榄球头盔模型，评估了橄榄球头盔的实验室性能与场上性能之间的关系。线性冲击器测试是将头盔放在安装在滑动台上的仪表化混合 III 头颈部组件上进行的。基于在六个撞击位置和三个速度对每个头盔的撞击，使用头部损伤标准 (HIC) 和弥漫性轴突多轴综合评估 (DAMAGE) 的线性组合计算头盔性能评分 (HPS)。为了确定头盔的现场性能，收集了五个 NFL 赛季的头盔模型使用、球员参与和事件脑震荡数据，并用于计算头盔模型特定的脑震荡率。r ²  = 0.61, p  < 0.001) 头盔模型的实验室和现场性能之间，表明在实验室测试中表现出降低的冲击严重程度的头盔通常也与现场较低的脑震荡率相关。进一步的分析表明，与其他头盔模型相比，禁止 NFL 的头盔模型表现出明显更高的脑震荡几率（OR 1.24；95% CI 1.04–1.47；p  = 0.017）。