The goal of this study was to compare hazel pollen seasons in Sosnowiec in 1997–2019 and to analyse the impact of weather conditions on these seasons. The measurements were conducted using a volumetric method with a Burkard spore trap. The duration of pollen seasons was determined using the 98% method. SPI (Seasonal Pollen Index) was calculated as the sum of daily pollen concentrations in a given season. The measurements showed that high temperatures in January and February had an impact on the beginning of the hazel pollen season. They revealed that there are positive correlations with temperatures and sunshine hours long before the season, i.e. 210–180 days before. The daily hazel pollen concentration in Sosnowiec showed a positive and statistically significant correlation with air temperature, sunshine hours, and average and maximum wind speed. Negative correlation was demonstrated for snow cover depth and relative humidity of the air. Daily concentration levels depend also on the type of weather front as well as direction of air mass flow and its type. Variance analysis showed that the highest concentrations of hazel pollen grains were recorded when warm air moves from the south and south–western direction, whereas the lowest ones were noted for air moving from the east, south–east, north and north–east directions. Atmospheric precipitation, snow cover depth, and average, maximum, minimum and near-the-ground temperatures in the season also had an impact on the SPI of hazel pollen grains. High positive correlation coefficients were also observed in the case of thermal conditions, sunshine hours, relative humidity and precipitation from July to September in the year preceding a given pollen season. The duration of the hazel pollen season depends on precipitation, snow cover depth and temperature during a given season.

中文翻译：

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1997-2019 年天气条件对 Sosnowiec（波兰）榛子花粉浓度的影响

本研究的目的是比较 1997-2019 年 Sosnowiec 的榛花粉季节，并分析天气条件对这些季节的影响。使用带有 Burkard 孢子捕集器的体积法进行测量。花粉季节的持续时间使用 98% 方法确定。SPI（季节性花粉指数）计算为给定季节中每日花粉浓度的总和。测量结果表明，一月和二月的高温对榛子花粉季节的开始产生了影响。他们发现，早在季节之前，即提前 210-180 天，温度和日照时数就呈正相关。索斯诺维茨的每日榛子花粉浓度与气温、日照时数、平均和最大风速呈显着正相关。积雪深度和空气相对湿度呈负相关。每日浓度水平还取决于天气锋的类型以及气团流动的方向及其类型。方差分析表明，当暖空气从南方和西南方向移动时，榛花粉粒的浓度最高，而当空气从东、东南、北和东北方向移动时，记录的榛子花粉浓度最低。大气降水、积雪深度以及当季平均、最高、最低和近地温度也对榛花粉粒的SPI产生影响。在热条件、日照时数、特定花粉季节前一年 7 月至 9 月的相对湿度和降水量。榛花粉季节的持续时间取决于特定季节的降水量、积雪深度和温度。