Purpose: Our age-scalable 3D computational phantom has been widely used for retrospective whole-body dose reconstructions of conventional radiation therapy (RT) in late effects studies of childhood cancer survivors. This phantom is modeled in the FORTRAN programming language and not readily applicable for dose reconstructions of contemporary RT. The goal of this work was to adapt the current FORTRAN model of our phantom into Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard. Method: We developed Python scripts to adapt our phantom from FORTRAN to DICOM. To validate the conversion, we calculated the percent differences (PD) between corner points and volume of each body region, normalized mean square distance (NMSD) between the organs, and PD between the heights of our DICOM phantom and the heights (50th-percentile) reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We compared organ masses of our DICOM phantom with those from two internationally recognized reference phantoms. Lastly, we conducted a dose calculation feasibility study using our DICOM phantom in a commercial TPS. Results: PD in corner points and the volumes of body regions between the FORTRAN and DICOM phantoms agreed within 3%. The NMDSs were low with a maximum of 7.80×10-2mm. The heights of our age-scaled phantom agreed with WHO/CDC data within 7% from infant to adult, within 2% agreement for ages 5 years and older. Organ masses in our phantom are less than the organ masses for other reference phantoms. Dose calculations with our in-house calculation system and commercial TPS (with FORTRAN and DICOM phantoms, respectively) agreed within ±7%. Conclusion: We successfully adapted our 3D age scalable phantom from the FORTRAN language to DICOM standard and validated its adaptation. We demonstrated that phantom is representative of population height data for infant to adult, but that the organs need further refinement.

中文翻译：

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根据 DICOM 标准开发年龄可扩展的 3D 计算模型，用于儿童癌症幸存者的后期影响研究


目的：我们的年龄可扩展 3D 计算模型已广泛用于儿童癌症幸存者晚期效应研究中常规放射治疗 (RT) 的回顾性全身剂量重建。该体模采用 FORTRAN 编程语言建模，不太适用于当代 RT 的剂量重建。这项工作的目标是将我们模型的当前 FORTRAN 模型改编为医学数字成像和通信 (DICOM) 标准。方法：我们开发了 Python 脚本来将我们的模型从 FORTRAN 调整为 DICOM。为了验证转换，我们计算了每个身体区域的角点和体积之间的百分比差异 (PD)、器官之间的归一化均方距离 (NMSD) 以及 DICOM 体模高度与身高（第 50 个百分位数）之间的 PD ）由世界卫生组织（WHO）和疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）报告。我们将 DICOM 模型的器官质量与两个国际公认的参考模型的器官质量进行了比较。最后，我们在商业 TPS 中使用我们的 DICOM 模型进行了剂量计算可行性研究。结果：FORTRAN 和 DICOM 模型之间角点的 PD 和身体区域的体积一致在 3% 以内。 NMDS 较低，最大为 7.80×10-2mm。我们的年龄比例模型的高度与 WHO/CDC 数据的一致性在 7% 以内（从婴儿到成人），5 岁及以上年龄的一致性在 2% 以内。我们模型中的器官质量小于其他参考模型的器官质量。使用我们的内部计算系统和商业 TPS（分别使用 FORTRAN 和 DICOM 模型）进行的剂量计算在 ±7% 范围内一致。 结论：我们成功地将 3D 年龄可扩展模型从 FORTRAN 语言改编为 DICOM 标准，并验证了其适应性。我们证明，模型可以代表婴儿到成人的人口身高数据，但器官需要进一步细化。