Many devices and machines used in diverse applications require ubiquitous connectivity to the Internet through cellular network. These devices have different requirements in terms of their location, data rates, mobility, energy consumption, latency, complexity, power output level, spectrum, and security. These criteria impose specific requirements on the network infrastructure. While some Internet of Things (IoT) enabling technologies exist today that may be able to address the wide area coverage requirement of the IoT devices, they fall short as compared to the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) technology in terms of coverage, scalability, interoperability, Quality of Service (QoS), and security. 3GPP Release 13 introduced two categories of IoT technologies called LTE-M and narrow band IoT (NB-IoT). In LTE release, 14, and 15, the enhancements of LTE IoT continued to provide cellular IoT connectivity to more IoT devices and in more diverse applications. In this article, we provide an overview of the evolution from Releases 13 to 15 (a rich technology roadmap toward 5G), and for multiple different use cases discuss the technology requirements that need to be met for each specific application.

中文翻译：

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LTE 物联网技术增强和案例研究


用于不同应用的许多设备和机器需要通过蜂窝网络无处不在地连接到互联网。这些设备在位置、数据速率、移动性、能耗、延迟、复杂性、功率输出水平、频谱和安全性方面有不同的要求。这些标准对网络基础设施提出了特定的要求。虽然目前存在一些物联网 (IoT) 支持技术，可能能够满足物联网设备的广域覆盖要求，但与第三代合作伙伴计划 (3GPP) 技术相比，它们在覆盖范围、可扩展性、互操作性、服务质量 (QoS) 和安全性。 3GPP 第 13 版引入了两类物联网技术，称为 LTE-M 和窄带物联网 (NB-IoT)。在 LTE 版本 14 和 15 中，LTE IoT 的增强功能继续为更多 IoT 设备和更多样化的应用提供蜂窝 IoT 连接。在本文中，我们概述了从版本 13 到版本 15 的演变（面向 5G 的丰富技术路线图），并针对多个不同的用例讨论了每个特定应用程序需要满足的技术要求。