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Spatial/temporal distribution and multi-pathway cancer risk assessment of trihalomethanes in low TOC and high bromide groundwater
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d0em00239a Nuray Ates 1, 2, 3, 4 , Sehnaz Sule Kaplan-Bekaroglu 1, 4, 5, 6 , Filiz Dadaser-Celik 1, 2, 3, 4
Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1039/d0em00239a Nuray Ates 1, 2, 3, 4 , Sehnaz Sule Kaplan-Bekaroglu 1, 4, 5, 6 , Filiz Dadaser-Celik 1, 2, 3, 4
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This study aims (1) to determine the seasonal and spatial distribution of THMs formed in chlorinated groundwater containing low levels of organic matter (0.4–0.8 mg L−1) and low to high levels of bromine (40–380 μg L−1), and (2) to evaluate the multi-route cancer risks associated with them. The study was conducted in Kayseri (Turkey), where drinking water is supplied from groundwater after chlorination only. THM formation in 50 water samples from 18 storage tanks and 32 distribution points was investigated to evaluate the spatial and temporal changes in THM concentrations for 12 months. The lifetime cancer risk associated with exposure to THMs through multiple pathways (i.e., oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation) was estimated for males and females. For a 12 month sampling period, the minimum and maximum THM concentrations varied from 2 μg L−1 to 17 μg L−1 and from 2 μg L−1 to 29 μg L−1 in storage tanks and distribution points, respectively. The ranges of median concentrations of THM were 5 μg L−1 to 9 μg L−1 in storage tanks and 5 μg L−1 to 12 μg L−1 in distribution points. In all samples dibromochloromethane was the dominant species, followed by bromoform, chloroform, and bromodichloromethane. The average values of total cancer risk associated with exposure to THMs via oral ingestion, dermal absorption, and inhalation for females and males were 1.31 × 10−5 and 1.25 × 10−5 in storage tanks, and 1.46 × 10−5 and 1.39 × 10−5 in distribution points, respectively. Although THM concentrations were very low, cancer risk values are 1.0 × 10−6 < CR < 1.0 × 10−4, which are higher than the negligible risk level (1.0 × 10−6).
中文翻译：
低TOC和高溴化物地下水中三卤甲烷的时空分布和多途径癌症风险评估
这项研究的目的（1）确定有机物含量低（0.4–0.8 mg L -1）和溴含量低至高含量（40–380μgL -1）的氯化地下水中形成的THM的季节和空间分布。（2）评估与之相关的多途径癌症风险。该研究是在开塞利（土耳其）进行的，那里的饮用水仅在氯化后才从地下水中供应。研究了来自18个储水罐和32个分配点的50个水样品中THM的形成，以评估12个月THM浓度的时空变化。与通过多种途径接触THM相关的终生癌症风险（即（男性，女性的口服摄入，皮肤吸收和吸入）。在12个月的采样期内，储罐和分配点中THM的最低和最高浓度分别为2μgL -1至17μgL -1和2μgL -1至29μgL -1。THM的中位数浓度范围分别为5微克大号-1〜9微克大号-1在储罐和5μg大号-1至12微克大号-1在分发点。在所有样品中，二溴氯甲烷是主要物质，其次是溴仿，氯仿和溴代二氯甲烷。与通过THM暴露相关的总癌症风险平均值口服，皮肤吸收，和吸入女性和男性为1.31×10 -5 1.25×10 -5在储存罐，和1.46×10 -5和1.39×10 -5在经销点，分别。尽管THM浓度非常低，但癌症风险值为1.0×10 -6 <CR <1.0×10 -4，高于可忽略的风险水平（1.0×10 -6）。
更新日期：2020-11-03
中文翻译：
低TOC和高溴化物地下水中三卤甲烷的时空分布和多途径癌症风险评估
这项研究的目的（1）确定有机物含量低（0.4–0.8 mg L -1）和溴含量低至高含量（40–380μgL -1）的氯化地下水中形成的THM的季节和空间分布。（2）评估与之相关的多途径癌症风险。该研究是在开塞利（土耳其）进行的，那里的饮用水仅在氯化后才从地下水中供应。研究了来自18个储水罐和32个分配点的50个水样品中THM的形成，以评估12个月THM浓度的时空变化。与通过多种途径接触THM相关的终生癌症风险（即（男性，女性的口服摄入，皮肤吸收和吸入）。在12个月的采样期内，储罐和分配点中THM的最低和最高浓度分别为2μgL -1至17μgL -1和2μgL -1至29μgL -1。THM的中位数浓度范围分别为5微克大号-1〜9微克大号-1在储罐和5μg大号-1至12微克大号-1在分发点。在所有样品中，二溴氯甲烷是主要物质，其次是溴仿，氯仿和溴代二氯甲烷。与通过THM暴露相关的总癌症风险平均值口服，皮肤吸收，和吸入女性和男性为1.31×10 -5 1.25×10 -5在储存罐，和1.46×10 -5和1.39×10 -5在经销点，分别。尽管THM浓度非常低，但癌症风险值为1.0×10 -6 <CR <1.0×10 -4，高于可忽略的风险水平（1.0×10 -6）。
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