Henipaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that have recently emerged as zoonotic pathogens, capable of causing severe acute respiratory disease and encephalitis in humans. The prototypical henipaviruses, Hendra henipavirus and Nipah henipavirus, are a major health concern as they have high mortality rates and no currently approved human vaccine or drug therapy. Understanding the mechanisms of viral replication and pathogenicity is of critical importance for therapeutic developments. A novel target for such therapies is the Henipavirus Matrix (M) protein, a multifunctional protein that drives viral assembly and inhibits the innate immune response. These multifunctional attributes promote a complicated lifecycle: while viral replication occurs in the cytoplasm, M traffics to the nucleus, where it is ubiquitinated, for correct cellular targeting and virion packaging. In this study, we review the relationship between the structure and functions of M. In specific cases, the compatibility between structural accessibility and protein functionality is not always evident, and we highlight areas that require further investigation.

中文翻译：

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亨尼帕病毒基质蛋白驱动细胞内贩运的结构特征

Henipaviruses 是单链 RNA 病毒，最近已成为人畜共患病病原体，能够在人类中引起严重的急性呼吸道疾病和脑炎。典型的亨尼帕病毒，亨德拉亨尼帕病毒和尼帕亨尼帕病毒，是一个主要的健康问题，因为它们具有高死亡率并且目前没有批准的人类疫苗或药物治疗。了解病毒复制和致病性的机制对于治疗发展至关重要。这种疗法的一个新目标是亨尼帕病毒基质 (M) 蛋白，一种多功能蛋白，可驱动病毒组装并抑制先天免疫反应。这些多功能属性促进了复杂的生命周期：当病毒复制发生在细胞质中时，M 运输到细胞核，在那里它被泛素化，以进行正确的细胞靶向和病毒粒子包装。在这项研究中，我们回顾了 M 的结构和功能之间的关系。在特定情况下，结构可及性和蛋白质功能之间的兼容性并不总是很明显，我们强调了需要进一步研究的领域。