We investigated the effect of added K₂CO₃ (alkali) and HCOOH (acid) on the product yields and compositions from isothermal and fast hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of polysaccharides abundant in food waste. Added K₂CO₃ increased the biocrude yields from isothermal HTL of cellulose, starch, amylose, and amylopectin but had no positive effect on biocrude yields from HTL of pectin and chitin under these conditions. Lower biocrude yields were obtained with added K₂CO₃ after fast HTL of all the polysaccharides tested. The addition of HCOOH led to no notable increase in biocrude yields during isothermal HTL. However, after fast HTL, there was a decrease in biocrude yields. Adding either K₂CO₃ or HCOOH gave biocrudes with higher quality after isothermal HTL. HTL with the additives produced biocrudes with a higher fraction of lower boiling compounds. Biocrudes from fast HTL with K₂CO₃ had a lower proportion of furan derivatives suggesting a decrease in acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions. With added HCOOH the biocrude composition remained similar to the control run.

中文翻译：

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添加剂对多糖水热液化的影响

我们研究了添加的K ₂ CO ₃（碱）和HCOOH（酸）对富含食物垃圾的多糖的等温和快速水热液化（HTL）的产品收率和组成的影响。添加K ₂ CO ₃提高了纤维素，淀粉，直链淀粉和支链淀粉等温HTL的生物粗品收率，但在这些条件下对果胶和几丁质HTL的生物粗品收率没有积极影响。快速测试所有多糖的HTL后，添加K ₂ CO ₃可获得较低的生物粗品收率。在等温HTL期间，添加HCOOH不会显着提高生物粗品产量。但是，快速HTL后，生物粗品产量下降了。加K等温HTL后，₂ CO ₃或HCOOH产生的生物粗品质量更高。含有添加剂的HTL产生的生物原油中含有较高比例的较低沸点化合物。来自具有K ₂ CO _3的快速HTL的生物原油中呋喃衍生物的比例较低，表明酸催化的脱水反应减少。加入HCOOH后，生物粗制成分保持与对照运行相似。