Bone is the third most frequent site of metastasis, with a particular incidence in breast and prostate cancer patients. For example, almost 70% of breast cancer patients develop several bone metastases in the late stage of the disease. Bone metastases are a challenge for clinicians and a burden for patients because they frequently cause pain and can lead to fractures. Unfortunately, current therapeutic options are in most cases only palliative and, although not curative, surgery remains the gold standard for bone metastasis treatment. Surgical intervention mostly provides the replacement of the affected bone with a bioimplant, which can be made by materials of different origins and designed through several techniques that have evolved throughout the years simultaneously with clinical needs. Several scientists and clinicians have worked to develop biomaterials with potentially successful biological and mechanical features, however, only a few of them have actually reached the scope. In this review, we extensively analyze currently available biomaterials-based strategies focusing on the newest and most innovative ideas while aiming to highlight what should be considered both a reliable choice for orthopedic surgeons and a future definitive and curative option for bone metastasis and cancer patients.

中文翻译：

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骨转移治疗的创新选择：对骨科医生基于生物材料的策略的广泛分析

骨是第三个最常见的转移部位，尤其是乳腺癌和前列腺癌患者。例如，近70%的乳腺癌患者在疾病晚期会出现多处骨转移。骨转移对临床医生来说是一个挑战，对患者来说也是一种负担，因为它们经常引起疼痛并可能导致骨折。不幸的是，目前的治疗选择在大多数情况下只是姑息性的，尽管不能治愈，但手术仍然是骨转移治疗的金标准。手术干预主要是用生物植入物替换受影响的骨骼，生物植入物可以由不同来源的材料制成，并通过多年来与临床需求同时发展的多种技术进行设计。一些科学家和临床医生致力于开发具有潜在成功的生物学和机械特性的生物材料，然而，只有少数真正达到了这一范围。在这篇综述中，我们广泛分析了当前可用的基于生物材料的策略，重点关注最新和最具创新性的想法，同时旨在强调什么应该被视为骨科医生的可靠选择，以及骨转移和癌症患者未来的明确和治疗选择。