Achieving temporally precise, noninvasive control over specific neural cell types in the deep brain would advance the study of nervous system function. Here we use the potent channelrhodopsin ChRmine to achieve transcranial photoactivation of defined neural circuits, including midbrain and brainstem structures, at unprecedented depths of up to 7 mm with millisecond precision. Using systemic viral delivery of ChRmine, we demonstrate behavioral modulation without surgery, enabling implant-free deep brain optogenetics.

中文翻译：

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无需颅内手术的深部脑光遗传学

对大脑深部特定神经细胞类型实现时间精确、无创控制将推进神经系统功能的研究。在这里，我们使用强效通道视紫红质 ChRmine 来实现特定神经回路（包括中脑和脑干结构）的经颅光激活，深度高达 7 毫米，精度为毫秒。使用 ChRmine 的系统性病毒递送，我们证明了无需手术的行为调节，从而实现了无植入的深部脑光遗传学。