ABSTRACT

Pneumonia remains the leading infectious cause of death among children under five years of age, and the elderly. Several biomarkers, which have been identified for its diagnosis lack specificity, as they could not differentiate viral from bacterial pathogens of the disease; these biomarkers also fail to establish a distinction between pneumonia and other associated diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This review outlined the menace of pneumonia disease from the statistical prevalence, clinical and immunological view, challenges with the methods used in diagnosis, and more useful information about methods of diagnosis of pneumonia with their limitations as well. Additionally, the use of aptamers and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) rather than antibodies to bind and recognize receptors for diagnostics, offers several advantages over other biomarkers shortcomings such as non-specificity.

摘要

肺炎仍然是5岁以下儿童和老年人中主要的传染病死亡原因。由于无法将病毒与细菌的病原体区分开来，已被鉴定用于诊断的几种生物标志物缺乏特异性。这些生物标记物也无法在肺炎和其他相关疾病（例如肺结核和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV））之间建立区分。这篇综述从统计学的流行程度，临床和免疫学的角度，诊断所用方法的挑战以及有关肺炎诊断方法的更多有用信息及其局限性概述了肺炎的威胁。此外，使用适配子和抗菌肽（AMP）而非抗体来结合和识别受体以进行诊断，