Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research,WIREs Climate Change

当前位置： X-MOL 学术 › WIREs Clim. Chang. › 论文详情

Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)

Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research
WIREs Climate Change ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 , DOI: 10.1002/wcc.682
Jeroen Ingels ₁ , Richard B. Aronson ₂ , Craig R. Smith ₃ , Amy Baco ₄ , Holly M. Bik ₅ , James A. Blake ₆ , Angelika Brandt _{7,

8} , Mattias Cape ₉ , David Demaster ₁₀ , Emily Dolan ₁ , Eugene Domack ₁₁ , Spencer Fire ₂ , Heidi Geisz ₁ , Michael Gigliotti ₂ , Huw Griffiths ₁₂ , Kenneth M. Halanych ₁₃ , Charlotte Havermans _{14,

15} , Falk Huettmann ₁₆ , Scott Ishman ₁₇ , Sven A. Kranz ₄ , Amy Leventer ₁₈ , Andrew R. Mahon ₁₉ , James McClintock ₂₀ , Michael L. McCormick ₂₁ , B. Greg Mitchell ₂₂ , Alison E. Murray ₂₃ , Lloyd Peck ₁₂ , Alex Rogers ₂₄ , Barbara Shoplock ₁ , Kathryn E. Smith ₂₅ , Brittan Steffel ₂ , Michael R. Stukel ₄ , Andrew K. Sweetman ₂₆ , Michelle Taylor ₂₇ , Andrew R. Thurber ₂₈ , Martin Truffer ₁₆ , Anton Putte ₂₉ , Ann Vanreusel ₃₀ , Maria Angelica Zamora‐Duran ₂

Affiliation

Coastal and Marine Laboratory Florida State University St Teresa Florida USA
Department of Ocean Engineering and Marine Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Melbourne Florida USA
Department of Oceanography University of Hawai'i at Manoa Honolulu Hawaii USA
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science Florida State University Tallahassee Florida USA
Department of Marine Sciences University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
Aquatic Research and Consulting Duxbury Massachusetts USA
Senckenberg Research Institute and Museum Frankfurt am Main Germany
Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity Goethe‐University of Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany
School of Oceanography University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USA
University of South Florida St Petersburg Florida USA
Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation British Antarctic Survey Cambridge UK
Department of Biological Sciences & Molette Biology Laboratory for Environmental and Climate Change Studies Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
BreMarE (Bremen Marine Ecology Centre for Research & Education) University of Bremen Bremen Germany
Functional Ecology Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research Bremerhaven Germany
Institute of Arctic Biology, Biology & Wildlife Department University of Alaska Fairbanks Alaska USA
College of Agricultural, Life, and Physical Sciences Southern Illinois University Carbondale Illinois USA
Geology Department Colgate University Hamilton New York USA
Department of Biology Central Michigan University Mt Pleasant Michigan USA
Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA
Department of Biology Hamilton College Clinton New York USA
Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego California USA
Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences Desert Research Institute Reno Nevada USA
REV Ocean Lysaker Norway
The Marine Biological Association of the UK Plymouth Devon UK
Deep‐Sea Ecology and Biogeochemistry Research Group, The Lyell Centre for Earth and Marine Science and Technology Herriot Watt University Edinburgh UK
School of Life Sciences University of Essex Essex UK
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University Corvallis Oregon USA
BEDIC, OD Nature Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
Marine Biology Research group, Biology Department Ghent University Ghent Belgium

The calving of A‐68, the 5,800‐km², 1‐trillion‐ton iceberg shed from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in July 2017, is one of over 10 significant ice‐shelf loss events in the past few decades resulting from rapid warming around the Antarctic Peninsula. The rapid thinning, retreat, and collapse of ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula are harbingers of warming effects around the entire continent. Ice shelves cover more than 1.5 million km² and fringe 75% of Antarctica's coastline, delineating the primary connections between the Antarctic continent, the continental ice, and the Southern Ocean. Changes in Antarctic ice shelves bring dramatic and large‐scale modifications to Southern Ocean ecosystems and continental ice movements, with global‐scale implications. The thinning and rate of future ice‐shelf demise is notoriously unpredictable, but models suggest increased shelf‐melt and calving will become more common. To date, little is known about sub‐ice‐shelf ecosystems, and our understanding of ecosystem change following collapse and calving is predominantly based on responsive science once collapses have occurred. In this review, we outline what is known about (a) ice‐shelf melt, volume loss, retreat, and calving, (b) ice‐shelf‐associated ecosystems through sub‐ice, sediment‐core, and pre‐collapse and post‐collapse studies, and (c) ecological responses in pelagic, sympagic, and benthic ecosystems. We then discuss major knowledge gaps and how science might address these gaps.

中文翻译：

冰架坍塌和冰山崩塌后的南极生态系统响应：科学评论和未来研究

2017年7月从Larsen C冰架上掉下的5,800 km ^2、1万亿吨冰山中的A-68产犊，是过去几十年来由于迅速变暖导致的10多次重大冰架损失事件之一在南极半岛周围。南极半岛冰架的迅速变薄，后退和坍塌，是整个大陆变暖影响的预兆。冰架覆盖超过150万公里²和南极海岸线的75％边缘，描绘了南极大陆，大陆冰与南大洋之间的主要联系。南极冰架的变化给南大洋的生态系统和大陆冰运动带来了巨大的，大规模的变化，具有全球范围的意义。众所周知，未来冰架消亡的变薄和速度是不可预测的，但是模型表明，架子融化的增加和产犊将变得更加普遍。迄今为止，人们对冰架以下生态系统知之甚少，而我们对崩溃和产犊后生态系统变化的理解主要基于一旦崩溃发生后的响应科学。在这篇评论中，我们概述了有关（a）冰架融化，体积损失，后退和产犊的知识，（b）通过子冰层与冰架相关的生态系统，沉积物核心，崩塌前和崩塌后研究，以及（c）中上层，共生和底栖生态系统的生态响应。然后，我们讨论主要的知识差距以及科学如何解决这些差距。

更新日期：2020-10-05

点击分享查看原文

点击收藏

阅读更多本刊最新论文