Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals strongly depend on the ionospheric conditions, which are composed of electrons and ions generated by solar radiation and particle precipitation. Ionospheric plasma irregularities may cause the scintillation of the GNSS signals or even the loss of signal lock, resulting in the reduction of positioning accuracy and timing precision. Phase scintillation phenomenon is known to occur frequently at high latitudes and primarily related to a significant plasma density gradient, which is due to fast plasma flows in the polar region, energetic particle precipitation in the auroral region, polar cap patches, or several instability mechanisms. Statistical studies are required to understand the characteristics of ionospheric (both phase and amplitude) scintillations at high latitudes. Here, we report the results of ionospheric scintillation measurements at Jang Bogo Station (JBS; 74.62°S, 164.22°E), located inside the polar cap region in Antarctica. The occurrence rates of ionospheric scintillations over the JBS are recorded for 2 years (2017–2018) during solar minimum conditions. The occurrence rates of amplitude scintillations increase only at lower elevation angles (below 30°), which are hard to determine whether the source is ionospheric irregularity or ambient noise such as multipath. In contrast, the occurrence rates of phase scintillations depend on the azimuth angle, season, magnetic activity, magnetic local time, and signal frequency. The results of our analysis suggest that users of the GNSS should consider these parameters to prepare for the degradation of the GNSS performance at high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.

中文翻译：

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利用南极州Jang Bogo站测得的GNSS闪烁指数测量电离层不规则性（74.62°S，164.22°E）

全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号在很大程度上取决于电离层条件，该条件由太阳辐射和粒子沉淀产生的电子和离子组成。电离层等离子体的不规则性可能导致GNSS信号闪烁，甚至导致信号锁定丢失，从而导致定位精度和定时精度降低。已知相位闪烁现象经常发生在高纬度地区，并且主要与显着的血浆密度梯度有关，这是由于极性区域中的快速血浆流动，极光区域中的高能粒子沉淀，极性帽斑或几种不稳定性机制所致。需要进行统计研究以了解高纬度电离层闪烁（相位和幅度）的特征。这里，我们报告了位于南极极盖区域内的Jang Bogo站（JBS； 74.62°S，164.22°E）电离层闪烁测量的结果。在太阳最低条件下，记录了两年（2017-2018年）JBS上电离层闪烁的发生率。振幅闪烁的发生率仅在较低的仰角（低于30°）时才增加，这很难确定源是电离层不规则还是环境噪声（例如多径）。相反，相位闪烁的发生率取决于方位角，季节，磁活动，磁局部时间和信号频率。我们的分析结果表明，GNSS的用户应考虑这些参数，为南半球高纬度地区GNSS性能的下降做好准备。