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Once a pond in time: employing palaeoecology to inform farmland pond restoration
Restoration Ecology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 , DOI: 10.1111/rec.13301
Richard E. Walton 1 , Carl D. Sayer 1 , Helen Bennion 1 , Jan C. Axmacher 1, 2
Affiliation  

The restoration of highly terrestrialized farmland ponds that combines the removal of woody vegetation and pond sediment greatly enhances aquatic biodiversity. Nonetheless, questions remain regarding the historical precedent of pond restoration, and particularly if post‐restoration aquatic macrophyte communities resemble pre‐terrestrialization assemblages. We used a paleoecological approach to address these questions for a typical, recently restored farmland pond in Norfolk, eastern England. Plant and animal remains in pond sediment cores were used to infer decadal‐centennial scale changes to pond communities and to identify past pond management events. We then evaluated the resemblance of restored and historical assemblages by comparisons with contemporary post‐restoration vegetation data. Based on changes in the abundance of terrestrial leaf remains and other indicators (increases followed by declines of aquatic organisms), the study pond appears to have a long history (going back to the early‐1800s) of canopy management (at least three inferred management events), but after the mid‐1970s, steady and substantial increases in terrestrial indicators suggest cessation of management resulting in uninterrupted terrestrialization. Aquatic macrophyte communities arising after restoration showed some similarities with historical assemblages, but also contained apparently new species. This study demonstrates how paleolimnological methods can improve understanding of pond ecological histories to better inform restoration targets and practices.

中文翻译:

曾经的池塘:及时利用古生态为农田池塘恢复提供依据

高度陆地化的农田池塘的恢复结合了木本植物和池塘沉积物的清除,大大增强了水生生物多样性。然而,关于池塘恢复的历史先例仍然存在疑问,尤其是恢复后的水生植物群落是否类似于陆地恢复前的组合。对于英格兰东部诺福克郡最近恢复的典型农田池塘,我们采用了古生态方法来解决这些问题。池塘沉积物核心中的动植物残骸被用来推断池塘群落十年和百年尺度的变化并确定过去的池塘管理事件。然后,我们通过与当代恢复后的植被数据进行比较,评估了恢复和历史组合的相似性。根据陆生叶残留量的变化和其他指标(水生生物数量增加然后下降)的变化,研究池塘似乎具有悠久的冠层管理历史(可追溯到1800年代初)(至少三个推断的管理)事件),但在1970年代中期之后,陆地指标稳定而大量的增长表明停止管理会导致陆生陆地化不间断。恢复后出现的水生大型植物群落与历史种群有一些相似之处,但显然还包含新物种。这项研究证明了古湖泊学方法如何增进对池塘生态历史的了解,从而更好地为恢复目标和实践提供依据。研究池塘似乎有很长的历史(可追溯到1800年代初)(至少3次推断的管理事件),但是在1970年代中期之后,陆地指标稳定且大量增加表明停止管理导致了不间断的陆地化。恢复后出现的水生大型植物群落与历史种群有一些相似之处,但显然还包含新物种。这项研究证明了古湖泊学方法如何增进对池塘生态历史的了解,从而更好地为恢复目标和实践提供依据。研究池塘似乎有很长的历史(可追溯到1800年代初)(至少3次推断的管理事件),但是在1970年代中期之后,陆地指标稳定且大量增加表明停止管理导致了不间断的陆地化。恢复后出现的水生大型植物群落与历史种群有一些相似之处,但显然还包含新物种。这项研究证明了古湖泊学方法如何增进对池塘生态历史的了解,从而更好地为恢复目标和实践提供依据。陆地指标的稳定和大幅增长表明停止管理会导致陆生陆地化不间断。恢复后出现的水生大型植物群落与历史种群有一些相似之处,但显然还包含新物种。这项研究证明了古湖泊学方法如何增进对池塘生态历史的了解,从而更好地为恢复目标和实践提供依据。陆地指标的稳定和大幅增长表明停止管理会导致陆生陆地化不间断。恢复后出现的水生大型植物群落与历史种群有一些相似之处,但显然还包含新物种。这项研究证明了古湖泊学方法如何增进对池塘生态历史的了解,从而更好地为恢复目标和实践提供依据。
更新日期:2020-10-06
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