Recent studies have reported paradoxical roles of inflammation in tumor immunity triggered by PD-1 checkpoint antibody (Ab) blockade. Here, we elaborate on this controversy and propose a new perspective that might help understand this paradox. Since inflammatory cytokines and PD-1 blockade are known to target different subsets of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells, we propose that the timing at which anti-PD-1 Ab therapy and cytokine modulation occur might determine the fate of exhausted CD8⁺ T cells and perhaps, the clinical outcome of immunotherapeutic modalities.

中文翻译：

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PD-1阻断期间炎症在癌症中的悖论作用

最近的研究报道了炎症在PD-1检查点抗体（Ab）封锁触发的肿瘤免疫中的矛盾作用。在这里，我们将详细阐述这一争议，并提出一个新的观点，可能有助于理解这一悖论。由于已知炎症细胞因子和PD-1阻断作用于疲惫的CD8 ⁺ T细胞的不同亚群，因此我们提出抗PD-1 Ab治疗和细胞因子调节发生的时机可能决定疲惫的CD8 ⁺ T细胞的命运。也许是免疫疗法的临床结果。