Phyllosphere microbial communities inhabit the aerial plant parts, such as leaves and flowers, where they form complex molecular interactions with the host plant. Contrary to the relatively well-studied rhizosphere microbiome, scientists are just starting to understand, and potentially utilize, the phyllosphere microbiome. In this article, we summarize the recent studies that have provided novel insights into the mechanism of the host genotype shaping the phyllosphere microbiome and the possibility to select a stable and well-adapted microbiome. We also discuss the most pressing gaps in our knowledge and identify the most promising research directions and tools for understanding the assembly and function of phyllosphere microbiomes – this understanding is necessary if we are to harness phyllosphere microbiomes for improving plant growth and health in managed systems.

叶际微生物群落栖息于气生植物部分，如叶子和花朵，在那里它们与寄主植物形成复杂的分子相互作用。与研究相对充分的根际微生物组相反，科学家们才刚刚开始了解并可能利用叶际微生物组。在本文中，我们总结了最近的研究，这些研究为宿主基因型塑造叶际微生物组的机制以及选择稳定且适应性强的微生物组的可能性提供了新见解。