Macrophages are cells of the innate immune system that regulate the maintenance of tissue homeostasis, host defense during pathogen infection, and tissue repair in response to tissue injury. Recent studies indicate that macrophage functions are influenced by cellular metabolism, including lipid metabolism. Here, we review how macrophage lipid metabolism can be dynamically altered in different physiological and pathophysiological contexts and the key regulators involved. We also describe how alterations in lipid metabolism are integrated with the signaling pathways that specify macrophage functions, allowing for coordinated control of macrophage biology. Finally, we discuss how dysregulated lipid metabolism contributes to perturbed macrophage functions in settings such as atherosclerosis and pathogen infections.

巨噬细胞是先天免疫系统的细胞，可调节组织稳态的维持、病原体感染期间的宿主防御以及组织损伤时的组织修复。最近的研究表明巨噬细胞的功能受到细胞代谢的影响，包括脂质代谢。在这里，我们回顾了巨噬细胞脂质代谢如何在不同的生理和病理生理环境以及所涉及的关键调节剂中动态改变。我们还描述了脂质代谢的改变如何与指定巨噬细胞功能的信号通路相结合，从而协调控制巨噬细胞生物学。最后，我们讨论了脂质代谢失调如何在动脉粥样硬化和病原体感染等环境中导致巨噬细胞功能紊乱。