Abstract Renewable energy cooperatives (RECs) in Turkey have received considerable attention in recent years and the total number of cooperatives is 46 in 2020. With increased environmental awareness and energy demand, RECs aim the local and renewable resources to be used by the people of the region by creating an example venture model through cooperatives. The growth in the number of cooperatives has resulted largely from Turkish energy policy and arrangement of Renewable Energies Act. This study is aimed to identify energy cooperatives, current situations, advantages, characterizing the implementation barriers RECs face and external factors. For this purpose, an online questionnaire was carried out with REC members and questionnaires were sent to 468 members of 20 cooperatives via e-mail, and approximately 80% return was obtained, 16 management board members were interviewed with categorized questions, and RECs websites were examined, as well. This paper presents an overview of This paper presents an overview of Turkish energy cooperatives in terms of organization, financing, membership, technology, policy, internal and external barriers drawing on collected data. How to create a better understanding of energy cooperatives and contribute to the Turkish energy policy were discussed. RECs could be an example venture model to provide the local and renewable resources to be used by the people of the region. Also, RECs can be an important building block of the energy transition in Turkey where consumed energy mainly imported from abroad and if RECs are to continue to play an important role in the energy transition, policy makers are expected to support their growth. These findings may be a guide for further researches for Turkey.

中文翻译：

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土耳其可再生能源合作社的进展、挑战和机遇

摘要 土耳其的可再生能源合作社（RECs）近年来受到了相当大的关注，到 2020 年合作社总数为 46 家。随着环保意识和能源需求的提高，RECs 瞄准当地和可再生资源供当地人民使用。通过合作社创建示例风险模型。合作社数量的增加主要是由于土耳其的能源政策和可再生能源法的安排。本研究旨在确定能源合作社、现状、优势，描述 REC 面临的实施障碍和外部因素。为此，我们对 REC 成员进行了在线问卷调查，并通过电子邮件向 20 个合作社的 468 名成员发送了问卷，获得了大约 80% 的回报，16 名管理委员会成员接受了分类问题的采访，并检查了 REC 网站。本文概述了本文利用收集到的数据，从组织、融资、成员、技术、政策、内部和外部障碍方面对土耳其能源合作社进行了概述。讨论了如何更好地了解能源合作社并为土耳其能源政策做出贡献。RECs 可以是一个示例风险模型，以提供供该地区人民使用的本地和可再生资源。此外，RECs 可以成为土耳其能源转型的重要组成部分，其中消耗的能源主要从国外进口，如果 RECs 继续在能源转型中发挥重要作用，政策制定者有望支持其增长。