Inflammatory processes are a candidate mechanism by which early adversity may be biologically embedded and subsequently lead to poorer health outcomes; in pregnancy, this has been posited as a pathway for intergenerational transmission of adversity. Studies in non-pregnant adults suggest that factors such as mood, diet, BMI, and social support may moderate associations between childhood trauma history and inflammation in adulthood, though few studies have examined these associations among pregnant women. In a sample of healthy pregnant women (N= 187), we analyzed associations between maternal childhood adversity, including maltreatment and non-optimal caregiving experiences, with circulating Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels during trimesters 2 (T2) and 3 (T3) of pregnancy. We also assessed whether these associations were moderated by psychosocial and lifestyle factors including depressive symptoms, social support, physical activity, and diet quality. History of childhood maltreatment was not associated with IL-6 in either T2 or T3 of pregnancy, either independently or in interaction with depressive symptom severity. However, in there was a significant positive association between childhood maltreatment and IL-6 in Trimester 2 in the context of poorer diet quality (p=.01), even after adjusting for BMI. Additionally, the quality of caregiving women received in childhood was associated with levels of IL-6 in Trimester 3, but only via interaction with concurrent depressive symptoms (p=.02). These findings provide evidence that for those with a history of childhood adversity, levels of inflammatory cytokines in pregnancy may be more sensitive to depressive symptoms and diet quality.

中文翻译：

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孕期母亲童年逆境和炎症：与饮食质量和抑郁症状的相互作用

炎症过程是一种候选机制，早期的逆境可能在生物学上嵌入其中，随后导致更差的健康结果；在怀孕期间，这被认为是逆境代际传递的途径。对非怀孕成年人的研究表明，情绪、饮食、BMI 和社会支持等因素可能会缓和童年创伤史与成年炎症之间的关联，尽管很少有研究检查孕妇之间的这些关联。在健康孕妇样本（N = 187）中，我们分析了母亲童年逆境（包括虐待和非最佳护理经历）与妊娠 2 (T2) 和 3 期间循环白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 水平之间的关联。 T3) 怀孕。我们还评估了这些关联是否受到社会心理和生活方式因素的调节，包括抑郁症状、社会支持、体育活动和饮食质量。儿童期虐待史与妊娠期 T2 或 T3 中的 IL-6 无关，无论是独立的还是与抑郁症状严重程度的相互作用。然而，在饮食质量较差的情况下（p=.01），即使在调整了 BMI 后，儿童期虐待与 IL-6 之间存在显着的正相关关系。此外，儿童时期接受护理的妇女的质量与第三个三个月的 IL-6 水平相关，但仅通过与并发抑郁症状的相互作用（p = .02）。这些发现提供的证据表明，对于那些有童年逆境历史的人来说，