Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) emerged half a century ago have now attracted tremendous attention as artificial receptors or plastic antibodies. Although the preparation of MIPs targeting small molecules, peptides, or even proteins is straightforward and well-developed, the molecular imprinting of microorganisms still remains a big challenge. This review highlights the preparation of MIPs that reveal biomimetic specificity and selectivity towards microorganisms by creating the well-defined cell recognition sites. We present the state-of-the-art strategies for the expeditious synthesis of MIPs targeting microorganism including surface components imprinting, cell mediated lithography, and microcontact stamping. These receptor-like biomimetic materials have garnered increasing attention in different fields. In this review, we also describe the diverse applications of microorganism-imprinted polymers such as microbial activation, microbial fuel cells, and microorganism detection and sensing. The major challenges and further prospects on the design of microorganism-imprinted polymers is also outlined.

半个世纪前出现的分子印迹聚合物（MIP）作为人工受体或塑料抗体引起了极大的关注。尽管针对小分子，肽甚至蛋白质的MIP的制备是直接且成熟的，但是微生物的分子印迹仍然是一个巨大的挑战。这篇综述着重介绍了MIP的制备方法，这些方法通过创建定义明确的细胞识别位点来揭示仿生生物的特异性和对微生物的选择性。我们介绍了针对微生物的MIP的快速合成的最新技术，包括表面组分印迹，细胞介导的光刻和微接触压印。这些类似受体的仿生材料已在不同领域中引起越来越多的关注。在这篇评论中 我们还描述了微生物印迹聚合物的各种应用，例如微生物活化，微生物燃料电池以及微生物检测和传感。还概述了设计微生物印迹聚合物的主要挑战和进一步的前景。