Abstract Pesticides can have detrimental effects on non-target biodiversity, especially in intensively managed agroecosystems such as vineyards. However, new fungus-resistant grape varieties can greatly reduce the need and use of fungicides. Fungicides can have direct and indirect effects on economically important predatory mites (mainly Phytoseiidae) and on phytophagous mites (Tetranychidae, Eriophyidae) on which they prey. We investigated the impact of fungicide treatments on beneficial and phytophagous mite densities in 32 vineyards of organic and conventional wineries planted with susceptible and fungus-resistant grape varieties in the Palatinate region, Germany. Organic vineyards were sprayed with different formulations of sulfur, copper and potassium bicarbonate, while conventional vineyards received mostly synthetic fungicides. Fungicide applications were reduced by 47-80 % in fungus-resistant varieties, with stronger reductions under organic than under conventional management. Regardless of organic or conventional management, predatory mites (Phytoseiidae and Tydeidae) were significantly enhanced in vineyards planted with fungus-resistant varieties. Contrastingly, phytophagous mites (Eriophyidae) were enhanced in vineyards with fungus-susceptible varieties and in those under organic management. Densities of further predatory mite families increased under organic farming (Anystidae) or showed an interactive response to farming system and grape variety (Trombidiidae). Reduced fungicide applications through cultivation of fungus-resistant varieties enhance predatory mite densities and thus contribute to higher natural pest control potential. Thus, the cultivation of fungus-resistant grape varieties is an effective approach towards more environmentally friendly viticulture.

中文翻译：

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减少杀菌剂有利于在有机和传统葡萄栽培下控制植食性螨类

摘要 农药会对非目标生物多样性产生不利影响，尤其是在集约化管理的农业生态系统中，例如葡萄园。然而，新的抗真菌葡萄品种可以大大减少杀菌剂的需求和使用。杀菌剂可以对经济上重要的捕食性螨类（主要是植螨科）和它们捕食的植食性螨类（叶螨科、绒螨科）产生直接和间接的影响。我们调查了杀菌剂处理对德国普法尔茨地区 32 个种植易感和抗真菌葡萄品种的有机和传统酿酒厂的有益和植食性螨虫密度的影响。有机葡萄园喷洒了不同配方的硫磺、铜和碳酸氢钾，而传统葡萄园则主要使用合成杀菌剂。在抗真菌品种中，杀菌剂的使用量减少了 47-80%，有机管理下的减少量比传统管理下的减少幅度更大。无论是有机管理还是常规管理，在种植抗真菌品种的葡萄园中，捕食性螨类（植物螨科和袋螨科）都显着增强。相比之下，植食性螨（Eriophyidae）在具有真菌易感品种的葡萄园和有机管理的葡萄园中得到增强。在有机农业（Anystidae）下，其他捕食性螨科的密度增加，或者对农业系统和葡萄品种（Trombidiidae）表现出交互反应。通过培养抗真菌品种减少杀真菌剂的使用会提高捕食性螨的密度，从而有助于提高天然害虫防治潜力。因此，