A seismic survey is perhaps the most common geophysical technique used to locate potential oil and natural gas deposits in the geologic structures. Thanks to the rapid development of modern high-performance computing systems, the computer simulation technology plays a crucial role in processing the field data. The precision of the full-waveform inversion (FWI) essentially depends on the quality of the direct problem solver. This paper introduces a new approach to the numerical simulation of wave processes in complex heterogeneous media. The linear elasticity theory is applied to simulate the dynamic behavior of curvilinear geological layers. In contrast to the conventional approach, the producing oil formation is described in the frame of a porous fluid-filled model. It allows us to explicitly take into account the porosity, oil density, and other physical parameters. The method of setting the physically correct contact conditions between the reservoir and the geological massif based on the transport equation solution for Riemann invariants was successfully implemented. The grid-characteristic method, previously thoroughly verified on acoustic and elastic problems, was adopted. The explicit time-stepping procedure was derived for a two-dimensional case with a method of splitting along coordinate axes. This method guarantees the preservation of the scheme approximation order. The potential application of the new method to a complex model based on the data from the famous Russian oil deposit — the Bazhen Formation — is demonstrated. The seismic responses were registered on the wave fields and synthetic seismograms. The novelty of this paper relates to a uniform approach to the wave propagation simulation in the heterogeneous medium containing contacting subdomains with different rheology types.

中文翻译：

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多组分油藏模型中地震波传播的模拟

地震勘测可能是用于定位地质结构中潜在石油和天然气矿床的最常用的地球物理技术。由于现代高性能计算系统的快速发展，计算机仿真技术在现场数据处理中发挥着至关重要的作用。全波形反演 (FWI) 的精度本质上取决于直接问题求解器的质量。本文介绍了一种新的方法来数值模拟复杂异质介质中的波过程。线性弹性理论用于模拟曲线地质层的动态行为。与传统方法相比，生产油层是在多孔流体填充模型的框架中描述的。它使我们能够明确地考虑孔隙度、油密度、和其他物理参数。成功实施了基于黎曼不变量的输运方程解设置储层与地质体之间物理上正确接触条件的方法。采用了先前在声学和弹性问题上得到彻底验证的网格特征方法。显式时间步长过程是针对二维情况导出的，采用沿坐标轴分割的方法。这种方法保证了方案近似顺序的保存。展示了新方法在基于俄罗斯著名石油矿床八珍组数据的复杂模型中的潜在应用。地震响应记录在波场和合成地震图上。