Animal husbandry is one of the agricultural activities that generates economic benefits for agriculture. We detected significant development of these activities in Morocco. Currently, it is stuck between the increase of organic waste polluting the farm environment and the energy needed to ensure the activities. Faced with this challenge, we determined all physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics for livestock wastes most spread in Morocco. We evaluated also their ability to be used as bioresources for the anaerobic digestion and incineration ways for energy production to agricultural units. We worked on four organic wastes (cow dung, horse manure, broiler droppings, and the excrement of laboratory mouse). The physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics: moisture, total solids, volatile solids, organic carbon, nitrogen, ions and heavy metals, staphylococci, coliforms, yeasts and fungi and total aerobic mesophilic bacteria are determined by standard methods. The determination of lower heating value is performed with calorimetric bomb. The biogas production is determined by four batch types of digesters. All digesters are incubated at 35 ± 1 ℃ for 40 days. The volumes of biogas produced are corrected under standard pressure and temperature conditions. We noticed that the four agricultural wastes have a lower heating value closer to each other. When comparing the physicochemical composition of our wastes with that of Tanner’s theoretical waste, we have found that the valorization of these organic wastes by incineration is without energy and economic benefits. The microbiological content reflects the presence of a reservoir of pathogenic bacteria. On the other hand, the biogas potential shows that cow waste produces the largest amount of biogas. The co-digestion is necessary for horse manure, chicken manure, and excrement of laboratory mouse in order to increase their biogas potential. The mineral composition shows the possibility of using digestate of these wastes as an organic amendment to plants. The comparison of the physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of the four organic wastes in Morocco reflects some important points. Firstly, there is an urgency to intervene to treat and valorize these wastes before putting them in the open air. Secondly, the incineration of this waste is inadequate from an energy point of view. In the third position, these wastes present a great ability to be used as feed substrates of farm digesters. Finally, the biogas potential and the mineral composition of these wastes demonstrates the ability to use them as bioresources capable of producing green energy and an organic amendment to Moroccan farms.

中文翻译：

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评估摩洛哥农场用于生产绿色能源的四种农业废弃物的理化，微生物和能量特征

畜牧业是为农业带来经济利益的农业活动之一。我们在摩洛哥发现了这些活动的重大发展。当前，它被卡在污染农场环境的有机废物增加与确保活动所需的能源之间。面对这一挑战，我们确定了摩洛哥分布最广泛的牲畜废物的所有物理，化学和微生物特征。我们还评估了它们用作农业单位生产能源的厌氧消化和焚烧方式的生物资源的能力。我们研究了四种有机废物（牛粪，马粪，肉鸡粪便和实验室老鼠的粪便）。物理，化学和微生物学特征：水分，总固体，挥发性固体，有机碳，氮，离子和重金属，葡萄球菌，大肠菌，酵母和真菌以及总需氧中温细菌均通过标准方法测定。较低的热值的测定是通过量热弹进行的。沼气的生产由四个批次的消化器决定。所有消化池均在35±1℃下孵育40天。在标准压力和温度条件下校正产生的沼气量。我们注意到，四种农业废弃物彼此之间的热值较低。当将我们的废物的物理化学成分与Tanner的理论废物的物理化学成分进行比较时，我们发现通过焚烧对这些有机废物进行增值没有能源和经济利益。微生物含量反映了病原细菌库的存在。另一方面，沼气潜力表明，牛粪产生的沼气量最大。为了增加马粪，鸡粪和实验鼠的排泄物，必须共同消化。矿物成分显示出将这些废物的消化物用作植物的有机改良剂的可能性。摩洛哥四种有机废物的理化和微生物学特征的比较反映了一些重要的观点。首先，在将这些废物露天放置之前，迫切需要进行干预以对其进行处理和增值。其次，从能源的角度来看，这种废物的焚化是不充分的。在第三位置，这些废物具有用作农用沼气池的饲料底物的强大能力。最后，