Sepsis, a severe infectious disease in the neonatal period, is considered a risk factor for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). To investigate the specific risk factors for NEC in septic infants, septic infants admitted to our center from January 2010 to April 2018 were included. Septic neonates with proven NEC (Bell’s stage ⩾II) were enrolled in the NEC group, and those without NEC were enrolled in the control group. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and risk factors were compared between the two groups. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the potential risk factors for NEC. A total of 610 septic neonates were included, of whom 78 (12.8%) had complicated NEC. The univariate analysis indicated that infants with NEC had a lower birth weight, a lower gestational age, and older age on admission than those without NEC (P < 0.05). Higher rates of anemia, prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM) (⩾18 h), pregnancy-induced hypertension, late-onset sepsis (LOS), red blood cell transfusion and hypoalbuminemia were observed in the NEC group than in the non-NEC group (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed LOS (P = 0.000), red blood cell transfusion (P = 0.001) and hypoalbuminemia (P = 0.001) were associated with the development of NEC. Among NEC infants, those who needed red blood cell transfusion had a longer hospitalization duration than those who did not need transfusion (P < 0.05). LOS, red blood cell transfusion and hypoalbuminemia were independent risk factors for the development of NEC in infants with sepsis. Taking measures to reduce the occurrence of hypoproteinemia and severe anemia may help to reduce the occurrence of NEC in septic neonates.

败血症是新生儿期的一种严重传染病，被认为是坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）的危险因素。为了调查化脓性婴儿NEC的特定危险因素，纳入了2010年1月至2018年4月进入我中心的化脓性婴儿。NEC组被证实为NEC（贝尔II期）的败血症新生儿，对照组为没有NEC的败血症新生儿。比较了两组的人口统计学，临床特征和危险因素。单因素和逻辑回归分析用于评估NEC的潜在危险因素。包括610名败血症新生儿，其中78名（12.8％）患有复杂的NEC。单因素分析表明，NEC患儿的出生体重，未孕年龄和入院年龄均比未患NEC的患儿低（P  <0.05）。与非NEC组相比，NEC组的贫血发生率更高，膜长时间破裂（PROM）（⩾18h），妊娠高血压，迟发败血症（LOS），红细胞输血和低白蛋白血症的发生率更高（P ＜0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示，LOS（P  = 0.000），红细胞输血（P  = 0.001）和低白蛋白血症（P  = 0.001）与NEC的发生有关。在NEC婴儿中，需要输血的婴儿的住院时间比不需要输血的婴儿更长（P <0.05）。LOS，红细胞输血和低白蛋白血症是脓毒症婴儿发生NEC的独立危险因素。采取措施减少低蛋白血症和严重贫血的发生可能有助于减少败血症新生儿NEC的发生。