During the past several decades, cement-based building materials have been used widely in the area of civil engineering. Among all kinds of cement-based building materials, concrete has the largest consumption and production output because of its low production cost, easily available raw materials sources, and simple construction. The most famous advantage of concrete is its high compressive strength. At the early development stage of concrete materials, most researchers focused on the strength of concrete. However, with increased usage of concrete materials, many reinforced concrete structures could not reach their designed life, and many investigators considered undesirable construction quality or nonstandard design as logical explanations. With the further study of concrete materials and structures, many study results indicated that the main reason for failure of these structures was their low durability under various working environments. Concrete materials can alo present other weaknesses, such as low anti-cracking performance, poor toughness, and low tensile strength. With development of economy, the serving environment of most concrete structures becomes more demanding, which indicates that measures must be taken to improve the durability of concrete materials. As a result, a large number of researchers have devoted themselves to improve durability of concrete materials by adding some reinforcement materials into traditional concrete materials, such as various short fiber reinforced materials (including steel, polypropylene, and polyvinyl alcohol fiber),^1–6 mineral admixtures (such as fly ash, silica fume, and blast furnace slag),^7–10 and nano-materials (nano-SiO₂, nano-CaCO₃, nano-Fe₃O₄, nano-TiO₂).^11–14

中文翻译：

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纳米颗粒增强的建筑材料及其在土木工程中的应用

在过去的几十年中，水泥基建筑材料已广泛用于土木工程领域。在各种水泥基建筑材料中，混凝土由于其生产成本低，原料来源容易获得且结构简单而具有最大的消耗量和产量。混凝土最著名的优点是抗压强度高。在混凝土材料的早期开发阶段，大多数研究人员将注意力集中在混凝土的强度上。然而，随着混凝土材料用量的增加，许多钢筋混凝土结构无法达到其设计寿命，许多调查人员认为不合要求的建筑质量或非标准设计是合理的解释。随着对混凝土材料和结构的进一步研究，许多研究结果表明，这些结构失效的主要原因是它们在各种工作环境下的耐久性差。混凝土材料还可能表现出其他弱点，例如抗裂性能低，韧性差和抗张强度低。随着经济的发展，大多数混凝土结构的使用环境要求越来越高，这表明必须采取措施提高混凝土材料的耐久性。结果，大量研究人员致力于通过在传统混凝土材料中添加一些增强材料来提高混凝土材料的耐久性，例如各种短纤维增强材料（包括钢，聚丙烯和聚乙烯醇纤维），^1-6种矿物混合物（例如粉煤灰，硅粉和高炉矿渣），^7-10种和纳米材料（纳米SiO ₂，纳米CaCO ₃，纳米Fe ₃ O ₄，纳米TiO ₂） 。^11-14