In recent years, various studies have followed in the literature on the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on damage in retinal cells. The evidence that MSCs exert their regenerative and damage reduction effect in a paracrine way, through the release of soluble factors and exosomes, is now consolidated. Exosomes are microvesicles formed by a double layer of phospholipid membrane and carry proteins and RNA, through which they play a therapeutic role on target cells. Scientific research has recently focused on the use of exosomes derived from MSC in various models of retinal damage in vitro and in vivo as they, compared to MSCs, have similar functions and at the same time have different advantages such as greater stability and handling, a lower chance of immunological rejection and no risk of malignant transformation. The purpose of this review is to summarize current knowledge on the therapeutic use of exosomes derived from MSCs in retinal damage and to stimulate new clinical perspectives regarding their use.

中文翻译：

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间充质干细胞源性外泌体对视网膜损伤的影响：最新发现

近年来，关于间充质干细胞（MSC）对视网膜细胞损伤的治疗作用的文献已进行了各种研究。MSC通过释放可溶性因子和外泌体以旁分泌方式发挥其再生和减少损伤作用的证据现已得到巩固。外泌体是由双层磷脂膜形成的微囊泡，携带蛋白质和RNA，通过它们，它们对靶细胞起治疗作用。科学研究最近集中于在各种体外和体内视网膜损伤模型中使用MSC衍生的外泌体，因为与MSC相比，它们具有相似的功能，同时具有不同的优势，例如更大的稳定性和可操作性。免疫排斥的机会更低，并且没有恶变的风险。