As the world is transitioning towards highly renewable energy systems, advanced tools are needed to analyze such complex networks. Energy system design is, however, challenged by real-world objective functions consisting of a blurry mix of technical and socioeconomic agendas, with limitations that cannot always be clearly stated. As a result, it is highly likely that solutions which are techno-economically suboptimal will be preferable. Here, we present a method capable of determining the continuum containing all techno-economically near-optimal solutions, moving the field of energy system modeling from discrete solutions to a new era where continuous solution ranges are available. The presented method is applied to study a range of technical and socioeconomic metrics on a model of the European electricity system. The near-optimal region is found to be relatively flat allowing for solutions that are slightly more expensive than the optimum but better in terms of equality, land use, and implementation time.

中文翻译：

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为高度可再生能源系统的所有替代解决方案建模

随着世界正在向高度可再生能源系统过渡，需要先进的工具来分析这种复杂的网络。然而，能源系统设计受到现实世界目标函数的挑战，这些目标函数由技术和社会经济议程的模糊组合组成，其局限性无法始终明确说明。因此，技术经济上次优的解决方案很可能是可取的。在这里，我们提出了一种能够确定包含所有技术经济接近最优解的连续统的方法，将能源系统建模领域从离散解转移到一个可以使用连续解范围的新时代。所提出的方法用于研究欧洲电力系统模型的一系列技术和社会经济指标。