Feeding monogastric livestock in organic agriculture is challenging due to several tradeoffs between animal welfare aspects, resource efficiency, as well as ecological and social sustainability. Organic standards may even increase such conflicts, as is currently the case with upcoming new regulations regarding restrictions of feed sources for organic pigs in Europe. In order to contribute data for balancing reasons to minimize tradeoffs, we compared four different piglet diets, each targeted to reach a high protein quality by either a high proportion of soybean cake (SOY), inclusion of milk powder (MILK), fermentatively produced lysine (LYS) or conventional potato protein (POT). All diets were designed to meet the nutritional requirements of piglets in the best possible way, however they all represented different conflicts with either organic regulations or sustainability goals. In each of five consecutive runs, respectively three litters were assigned to every dietary treatment, resulting in 15 litters per treatment in total. In each litter, seven focus animals were defined. The piglets were studied from birth until 58 days of age. They were weaned at day 46 and sold from the farm at day 58. Piglets were individually weighed at an average age of 3, 21, 43, 50 and 58 days with simultaneous assessment of body condition score (BCS) and prevalence of diarrhea. Feed intake (FI) was recorded litter wise weekly, starting from week three. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated for the period after weaning. Statistical analysis was executed using linear mixed effect models. Regarding FI, FCR and daily weight gains, no treatment effect was found. Only at day 21, BCS was lower for piglets receiving POT. Prevalence of diarrhea increased after weaning for all treatments. All four tested diets led to similar weight gains and feed conversion in the piglets. Animals fed diet POT recovered better from diarrhea compared to the other treatments. A high soybean cake content or lysine supplementation in the diet was disadvantageous with regard to the occurrence of diarrhea. LYS diet led to signs of threonine deficit, indicating that lysine addition alone may not solve the issue. The addition of milk powder provided no extra benefit. In recognition of the health benefits, the use of 5% potato protein, even if it is sourced from conventional production, must still be considered as a sustainable option for feeding organic piglets. The sustainability implications are discussed in the paper.

中文翻译：

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使用奶粉、富含赖氨酸、常规马铃薯蛋白或高豆饼含量的有机农业中不同仔猪日粮的比较

由于动物福利方面、资源效率以及生态和社会可持续性之间的若干权衡，在有机农业中喂养单胃牲畜具有挑战性。有机标准甚至可能会增加这种冲突，就像目前欧洲即将出台的关于限制有机猪饲料来源的新法规一样。为了提供平衡的数据以最小化权衡，我们比较了四种不同的仔猪日粮，每种日粮的目标都是通过高比例的豆饼 (SOY)、添加奶粉 (MILK)、发酵生产的赖氨酸来达到高蛋白质质量(LYS) 或常规马铃薯蛋白 (POT)。所有日粮的设计都是为了以最佳方式满足仔猪的营养需求，然而，它们都代表了与有机法规或可持续性目标的不同冲突。在连续五次运行的每一次中，每个日粮处理分别分配三窝，每个处理总共有 15 窝。在每窝中，定义了七只重点动物。对仔猪从出生到 58 日龄进行研究。它们在第 46 天断奶并在第 58 天从农场出售。仔猪在平均 3、21、43、50 和 58 天时分别称重，同时评估身体状况评分 (BCS) 和腹泻患病率。从第三周开始，每周记录一次采食量 (FI)。计算断奶后期间的饲料转化率（FCR）。使用线性混合效应模型进行统计分析。关于 FI、FCR 和每日体重增加，未发现治疗效果。仅在第 21 天，接受 POT 的仔猪的 BCS 较低。在所有治疗断奶后腹泻的发生率增加。所有四种测试的日粮都导致仔猪的体重增加和饲料转化率相似。与其他治疗相比，喂食 POT 饮食的动物从腹泻中恢复得更好。饮食中豆饼含量高或添加赖氨酸不利于腹泻的发生。赖氨酸饮食导致苏氨酸缺乏的迹象，表明单独添加赖氨酸可能无法解决问题。添加奶粉并没有带来额外的好处。鉴于对健康的益处，使用 5% 的马铃薯蛋白，即使它来自传统生产，仍然必须被视为喂养有机仔猪的可持续选择。