Abstract Biofilms are a ubiquitous mode of microbial life and display an increased tolerance to different stresses. Inside biofilms, cells may experience both externally applied stresses and internal stresses that emerge as a result of growth in spatially structured communities. In this review, we discuss the spatial scales of different stresses in the context of biofilms, and if cells in biofilms respond to these stresses as a collection of individual cells, or if there are multicellular properties associated with the response. Understanding the organizational level of stress responses in microbial communities can help to clarify multicellular functions of biofilms.

中文翻译：

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微生物生物膜对压力的多细胞和单细胞反应

摘要 生物膜是一种普遍存在的微生物生命模式，对不同压力的耐受性增强。在生物膜内部，细胞可能会经历外部施加的压力和由于空间结构群落中的生长而出现的内部压力。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了生物膜背景下不同压力的空间尺度，以及生物膜中的细胞是否作为单个细胞的集合对这些压力作出反应，或者是否存在与反应相关的多细胞特性。了解微生物群落中应激反应的组织水平有助于阐明生物膜的多细胞功能。