Abstract

Cousinia is one of the widespread genera of Asteraceae family. This study aims to evaluate the biological activities and phytochemical compositions of C. iconica extracts. The antioxidant effects of the extracts were investigated on DPPH^•, ABTS^+•, and iron chelating methods, and the inhibition effects were tested on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and tyrosinase, as well as AChE, and BChE enzymes. The quantitative and qualitative determinations of the compounds of the extracts were carried out by LC-MS/MS. As a result, the highest TPC (271.65 ± 3.32 mg GAE/g_extract), and TFC (4.79 ± 0.06 mg QE/g_extract) were found in C. iconica ethyl acetate (CIE) sub-extract. The highest antioxidant activity on DPPH^• (IC₅₀ = 90.397 ± 0.575 µg/mL) was shown in C. iconica methanol (CIM) extract. The highest ABTS^+•, and iron chelating activities were found in CIE with IC₅₀ = 70.70 ± 0.38, and 615.10 ± 2.47 µg/mL, respectively. The highest α-amylase, and tyrosinase activities were found in CIE, and C. iconica n-butanol sub-extract (CIB) with 864.57 ± 0.68, and 475.21 ± 6.22 µg/mL IC₅₀ values, respectively. AChE, and BChE activities were observed as the highest in CIB (IC₅₀ = 426.50 ± 3.78 µg/mL), and CIM (IC₅₀ = 330.54 ± 0.79 µg/mL), respectively. According to LC-MS/MS analyses, rutin, and cynarin were determined as the main constituents of CIM, and CIE. This is the first report that these biological activities and phytochemical compositions of C. iconica were investigated.

摘要

Cousinia是菊科广泛分布的属之一。本研究旨在评估C. icona提取物的生物活性和植物化学成分。^{用DPPH •}、ABTS ^+•和铁螯合方法研究了提取物的抗氧化作用，并测试了对α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和酪氨酸酶以及AChE和BChE酶的抑制作用。通过LC-MS/MS对提取物的化合物进行定量和定性测定。结果，在 C.iconica 中发现了最高的 TPC（271.65 ± 3.32 mg GAE/g提取_物）和 TFC（4.79 ± 0.06 mg QE/g_提取物）乙酸乙酯 (CIE) 子提取物。对 DPPH ^•的最高抗氧化活性(IC ₅₀  = 90.397 ± 0.575 µg/mL) 显示在C. iconsica甲醇 (CIM) 提取物中。在 CIE 中发现最高的 ABTS ^+•和铁螯合活性，IC ₅₀  = 70.70 ± 0.38 和 615.10 ± 2.47 µg/mL。最高的α -淀粉酶和酪氨酸酶活性在 CIE 和C.iconica 正丁醇子提取物 (CIB) 中发现，IC ₅₀值分别为 864.57 ± 0.68 和 475.21 ± 6.22 µg/mL。AChE 和 BChE 活性在 CIB (IC ₅₀  = 426.50 ± 3.78 µg/mL) 和 CIM (IC ₅₀ = 330.54 ± 0.79 µg/mL)，分别。根据LC-MS/MS分析，芦丁和洋蓟素被确定为CIM和CIE的主要成分。这是第一份报告研究了C. icona的这些生物活性和植物化学成分。